Marketable light quality in Energy Star for SSL is now defined by the photometric distribution, color characteristics, and efficacy of the lighting fixture. The reason for this focus on lighting quality is that a successful application of a lighting product will meet consumer's expectations not just for Lumen output, but for safety and comfort factors as well.
Procedurally, the DOE's definition of light quality means to lighting product manufacturers that SSL products must be tested in both an Integrating Sphere and on a Moving Mirror Goniophotometer. The requirement that SSL fixtures be tested on a goniophotometer for intensity distribution represents an informed change in the DOE's view on lighting products, which stems from its CALiPER program results.
Lighting Sciences facilitates Energy Star qualification for its clients by offering the most comprehensive photometric services in the industry, including tests for LM 79 and LM 80.
The DOE requires the following tests be performed by a CALiPER-approved laboratory:
Photometric and Electrical:
Luminaire output (total lumen output, LM 79) - Goniophotometer or connecting sphere
Luminaire efficacy (lumens per watt, LM 79) - Goniophotometer or connecting sphere
Intensity distribution (candlepower distribution at specified angles, LM 79) - Goniophotometer
Zonal retard density (lumen output in particular angular ranges, LM 79) - Goniophotometer
Analysis of light distribution by zones (DOE qualification report, LM 79) - Goniophotometer
Power factor test (electrical power factor) - Power factor meter
Color:
Color Rendering Index (CRI, rendering of nine standard colors, LM 79) - Integrating Sphere
Correlated Color Temperature (CCT, Kelvin temperature of colors, LM 79) - Integrating Sphere
Additional:
Lumen maintenance (LED life - depreciation over time, LM 80):
- Option 1: Component Performance, data normally obtained from LED manufacturer
- Option 2: Luminaire Performance, LSI tests at 0 and :6000 hours - Life test rack and comparison sphere
Temperature (power supply and LED temperatures, LM 80) testing provided by Underwriters Laboratory
(UL) or Canadian Standards Association (CSA). The DOE is considering a ruling change that will allow LSI
To perform this test.
Potentially required in the future:
Color spatial uniformity (distribution of color at particular angles) - Goniophotometer with
Spectrophotometer attachment
Color maintenance (change of color over lifetime) - Life test rack and comparison sphere
Output operating frequency (luminaire operating frequency) - Digital oscilloscope
Noise (volume of sounds emitted) - Noise meter
At just ten days, LSI's CALiPER-approved testing laboratories offer one of the fastest turn-around times in the industry. Please contact LSI if you have further questions regarding Energy Star for SSL.
What is Car Ethernet
Car Ethernet is a new local area network technology that uses Ethernet to connect the electronic unit in the car. Unlike traditional Ethernet, which uses 4 unshielded twisted pair cables, car Ethernet can achieve a transmission rate of 100Mbit/s or even 1Gbit/s on a single pair of unshielded twisted pair cables. At the same time, it also meets the requirements of the automotive industry for high reliability, low electromagnetic radiation, low power consumption, bandwidth allocation, low latency and synchronous real-time. The physical layer of on-board Ethernet uses BroadRReach technology, and BroadR-Reach's physical layer (PHY) technology has been standardized by the One-pair Ethernet Alliance (OPEN). Therefore, it is sometimes called Broad RReach (BRR) or OABR (Open Alliance BroadR-Reach). The MAC layer of vehicle Ethernet adopts the IEEE 802.3 interface standard and seamlessly supports widely used high-level network protocols (such as TCP/IP) without any adaptation.
On-board Ethernet protocol architecture
Vehicle-borne Ethernet and its supported upper-layer protocol architecture are shown in Figure 1. Vehicle-borne Ethernet mainly involves OSI layer 1 and Layer 2 technologies, while vehicle-borne Ethernet also supports AVB, TCP/IP, DOIP, SOME/IP and other protocols or application forms.
On-board Ethernet framework
Among them, AVB is an extension of traditional Ethernet functions, which enhances the real-time performance of traditional Ethernet audio and video transmission by adding precise clock synchronization, bandwidth reservation and other protocols, and is a network audio and video real-time transmission technology with great development potential. SOME/IP (Scalable Service-Oriented MiddlewarE on IP) specifies the video communication interface requirements for vehicle camera applications, which can be applied to the field of vehicle cameras, and realizes the mode control of driver assistance cameras through apis.
As an extension of AVB protocol, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) introduces related technologies of time-triggered Ethernet, which can efficiently realize the transmission of automotive control information. In addition, the on-board Ethernet of the 1Gbit communication standard also supports Power Over Ethernet (POE) function and Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) function. The POE function provides power for connected terminal devices while transmitting data through twisted pair cables, eliminating the need to connect external power cables to terminals and reducing the complexity of power supply.
On-board Ethernet standardization
In terms of in-vehicle Ethernet standardization, the IEEE802.3 and IEEE802.1 working groups, AUTOSAR, the OPEN Alliance and the AVnu Alliance have played a major role in promoting it.
The IEEE802.3 local area network standard represents the mainstream Ethernet standard in the industry, and the on-board Ethernet technology is developed on the basis of IEEE802.3, so the IEEE is currently the most important international standardization body for on-board Ethernet. In order to meet the requirements of the car, it involves the development of a number of new specifications and the revision of the original specifications within the two working groups of IEEE802 and 802.1, including PHY specifications, AVB specifications, and single-wire to data line power supply. In addition, AVB related to AV transmission, timing synchronization and other specifications also need to be standardized by other technical committees of IEEE, such as IEEE1722 and IEEE1588.
OPEN Alliance
The OPEN Industry Alliance was launched in November 2011 by Broadcom, NXP, and BMW to promote the application of Ethernet-based technology standards to in-car connectivity. The main standardization goal is to develop a 100Mbit/s BroadR-R physical layer standard and develop OPEN interoperability requirements.
AUTOSAR
AUTOSAR is a consortium of automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and tool developers that aims to develop an open, standardized automotive software architecture, and the AUTOSAR specification already includes the automotive TCP/UDP/IP protocol stack.
AVnu
The AVnu Alliance was formed by Broadcom in collaboration with Cisco, Harman and Intel to promote the IEEE 802.1 AVB standard and the Time Synchronization Network (TSN) standard, establish a certification system, and address important technical and performance issues such as precise timing, real-time synchronization, bandwidth reservation, and traffic shaping.
Vehicle Router,Vehicle 4G Router,Vehicle 4G Wireless Router,Vehicle Wifi Router
Shenzhen MovingComm Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.movingcommiot.com