How strong the power of mathematics is, see how powerful AlphaGo is. However, have you ever thought that one day mathematics and literature could even come together and even transform each other?
Kurt Vonnegut, a black humorist in the United States, has a well-known view that each novel story can be represented by a two-dimensional graph, where the horizontal axis is the timeline and the vertical axis is the protagonist's life experience line. For example, the curve of the classic fairy tale Cinderella can be as shown in the following figure. At first, Cinderella lived with her father, and she was still happy. One day, my dad married a stepmother, and brought three best sisters. With the accidental death of her father, Cinderella's mood suddenly fell to the bottom. Later, with the arrival of goddess goddess and a ball, the mood gradually rose to a high point. Then, at midnight, I had to be separated from the prince, so I sent my emotions back to underestimation.
The writer's point of view is very novel, but only an example of Cinderella is not much convincing. After all, there are thousands of forms and styles of the novel. Can it be drawn as a curve?
Mathematicians and computer scientists from the University of Vermont and Adelaide in the United States thought so too, so they selected about 2,000 English fiction input computers from the e-book “Gutenberg Project†and analyzed them in an artificial intelligence manner. The hero's emotional curve in the story. What needs special attention is that they did not pre-set any curing procedures and they were completely autonomously identified by machine learning algorithms. From the results, they not only verified Kurt Vonnegut's point of view, but also found some rules from 2000 curves.
The researchers classified the curves of similar trends into one category and divided the 2000 curves into the following six categories:
1. Poor egg to the rich (rise)
2. Rich people are poor (falling)
3. The man in the cave (falling and then rising) was originally written "Man in a Hole"
4, Icarus (rise, then drop)
5, Cinderella (rise, drop, then rise)
6. Oedipus (drop, rise, then fall)
Among them, the three categories refer to the writer's MR James's often used narrative method in his ghost story collection “Ghost Stories of an Antiquaryâ€. That is to say, the protagonist frustrates and then overcomes difficulties to achieve success. Category 4 is a figure in Greek mythology. He and his father inserted wings made of wax and feathers to escape from the island. Who knows that because of the too high wings they were roasted by the sun and fell into the water. Category 6 is also a figure in Greek mythology. He unknowingly killed his father and married his mother and ended up in tragedy.
The researchers found that some novels may have multiple clue branch narratives, but in each branch, the storyline and the hero's emotional fluctuations overlap. Therefore, although Kurt Vonnegut's view of the vertical axis of the owner's emotional fluctuations, but replaced by the storyline also applies.
In addition, although the total number of type 1 works is the largest, it accounts for about one-fifth of the 2000 novels. However, from the download data of the “Gutenberg Project†library, the 3rd, 5th, and 6th categories are also very popular among readers.
The researchers said that another important value of this study is that the correspondence between fiction and curve may in turn promote the development of computer intelligence writing. Through a large number of back-analysis of the emotion curves of the heroes in the existing classic novels, and using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques to positively affect computer writing, we may expect that computers will be able to write exciting stories like human writers in the future. story.
Source: theatlantic, ifanr
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