On September 18th, Nikkei BP reported that bulb-type LED lamps have attracted much attention as an alternative to incandescent and bulb-type fluorescent lamps. On September 10, 2009, Panasonic announced that it will list LED light products. So far, the major lighting manufacturers in Japan have all gathered together. In the bulb-type LED lamp market, fierce competition among manufacturers began. Since Sharp announced in June 2009 that it has placed nearly half of the bulb-type LED lights on the market, Toshiba Lighting, which has already introduced LED bulbs, has lowered the price of its products, which has formed a confrontation with Sharp, followed by the release of NEC Lighting in August. (listed on September 24), Mitsubishi Electric Osram released its products in September (listed on September 21) and the Panasonic product (listed on October 21).
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After forming a situation of division, it is becoming more and more important for companies to “what is the key to product differentiationâ€. Among the above-mentioned manufacturers, the key to achieving differentiation in Panasonic's final involvement in the LED bulb market is "the industry's first energy-saving level" (the company). Comprehensive efficiency (including the luminous efficiency of the entire bulb including the light source and power supply circuit), Panasonic's 4W input product (brightness equivalent to 40W incandescent lamp) up to 85.0lm / W, input power of 6.9W ( The brightness is equivalent to 60W incandescent lamp) up to 82.6lm/W. The overall efficiency of Sharp's bulb-type LED lamps is 74.7 lm / W (the brightness is equivalent to 60W incandescent lamps).
Matsushita said that in order to achieve higher overall efficiency, measures such as improving the tightness between the package and the bulb and reducing the thermal resistance have made it difficult to increase the temperature of the white LED package during illumination. In addition, the white LED package also uses a design that takes into account heat dissipation. LEDs generally have higher component temperatures and lower luminous efficiency (light source), so heat dissipation is an important condition for determining performance. A closer look at the white LED package reveals that Panasonic's packaging methods and shapes are quite different from those of Toshiba Lighting and Sharp's products, which are the first step in bulb-type LED lamps.
Only one white LED package
Sharp and Toshiba Lighting packaged 4 to 6 white LED modules of approximately 5 mm square in the bulb. Panasonic has only one white LED module in each bulb. The white LED module used by the company is a square with a side length of about 20 mm in the E17 type of lamp socket, and a square with a longer side length in the E26 type. As a white LED module, it can be classified into a larger type. The white LED module mounts a plurality of blue LED chips on a ceramic substrate with excellent heat dissipation, and a yellow phosphor material is used in combination. The white LED module used in this time was manufactured by Toyota of Japan, and the number of chips in the module was not announced.
The advantage of using a large white LED module is that the heat dissipation area of ​​the module can be obtained in a wide range. In this way, heat is dissipated from the white LED module to the bulb, and the temperature rise of the blue LED chip in the module during illumination can be suppressed as much as possible, thereby keeping the luminous efficiency high. In order to make full use of this effect, improvements in light bulbs such as tightness between the package and the bulb are essential.
Large white LED modules have been used before. For example, Citizen Electronics announced products with 24 to 72 blue LED chips, and IDEC announced products with 27 and 55 blue LED chips. Among the large LED modules, Toshiba Lighting used a spotlight with a 75mm x 56mm large white LED module with 1000 blue LED chips. The input power of large white LED modules is generally above 5W, and there are even many products exceeding 10W.
However, examples of large white LED modules in bulb-type LED lamps are rare. Because Sharp and Toshiba illuminators use a method that uses multiple input-level 1W white LED modules, "it is favored by lighting manufacturers" (an LED manufacturer). The design freedom of the bulb-type LED lamp has been improved, and the 1W-class model has more supply, so the price has been estimated to have stabilized. Panasonic has prioritized excellent heat dissipation and high luminous efficiency.
The color rendering index is slightly inferior
Panasonic's products achieve higher luminous efficiency, while on the other hand, the value of color rendering (the ability to illuminate when illuminated to an object) - the average color rendering index (Ra) and most other than 74 and 80 The company's products are slightly inferior. In general, in a white LED module in which a blue phosphor chip is used in combination with a yellow phosphor, red light intensity is weak, and thus red color rendering property is low. This caused a decrease in Ra. Although improving the phosphor and increasing the red color will increase Ra, but the luminous efficiency will be lowered.
For this, Panasonic did not sacrifice color rendering. The company's commentator said at the product launch, "Although not shown in the Ra value, we have improved the phosphor to make the skin color of the human body and the color of the sashimi of the tuna look brighter." At this stage, energy efficiency and price, such as the overall efficiency and luminous efficiency of the bulb-type LED lamp, are the competition points of major manufacturers. In addition to these, the color rendering level will become the key to achieving differentiation. The topic at that time will be how to promote the effects that are not shown in the color rendering values. It can be said that the demand for phosphors which simultaneously take into consideration high luminous efficiency and Ra is still high.
Figure 1: The lamp sockets released by Panasonic are E17 type bulb-type LED lamps. The yellow quadrilateral object in the center is a white LED package
Figure 2: Cross-sectional structure of a bulb-type LED lamp. The object that forms a white and yellow double structure at the bottom is a white LED package.
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