The working principle of electric speakers, the bunker

Guide: In simple terms, a speaker is the device that produces sound. Some people might think, "The speaker is so common, I use it every day, so it's easy to understand," but then comes the question—what is the working principle of a speaker? Not everyone who uses a speaker can explain how it works. Let’s dive in and explore how speakers function, step by step.

First, the Working Principle of the Speaker – Introduction

A speaker is an electroacoustic transducer that converts electrical signals into sound waves. It is widely used in audio devices, computers, televisions, mobile phones, and other equipment with playback capabilities. Understanding how it works can help you appreciate the technology behind the sounds you hear daily.

Second, the Working Principle of the Speaker – Classification

Speakers come in various types. They can be categorized as built-in or external speakers. Based on their mechanism, they can be divided into moving coil (electrical) speakers, capacitor speakers, piezoelectric speakers, electromagnetic speakers, ionized speakers, and pneumatic speakers. Depending on the material used for sound radiation, they can be paper cone speakers, horn speakers, or dome-shaped speakers. They can also be classified by frequency range (woofer, mid-range, tweeter), shape, voice coil impedance, and more. Among these, the most commonly used are electric speakers, which include paper cone, dome, and horn types. We’ll take a closer look at each one below.

Third, the Working Principle of the Speaker – Paper Cone

The paper cone speaker consists of three main parts. The first is the magnetic circuit system, made up of a permanent magnet and a soft iron core. The second part includes the paper cone (vibration membrane), centering piece, voice coil, and dust cover. The third part is the auxiliary system, which includes the basket frame, wiring board, and crimping edge. As shown in the diagram below.

When an audio current flows through the voice coil, it generates a changing magnetic field. This interacts with the constant magnetic field from the permanent magnet, causing the voice coil to vibrate axially. This vibration makes the cone move, which in turn vibrates the air, creating sound. The stronger the current, the greater the magnetic force, leading to larger vibrations and louder sound.

Fourth, the Working Principle of the Speaker – Dome Shape

The bass frequencies are mainly produced at the edge of the diaphragm, while treble frequencies come from the center. Therefore, large-aperture speakers produce better bass and are often used as mid-woofers, while dome-shaped speakers are typically used for tweeters. The structure of a dome speaker is shown below.

Dome speakers differ from cone speakers in that their vibrating surface is not conical but hemispherical. They operate similarly to cone speakers, but the dome shape allows for more precise sound reproduction, especially at higher frequencies.

Fifth, the Working Principle of the Speaker – Horn

Horn speakers consist of two parts: a vibrating system made up of a cone (vibration membrane), centering piece, voice coil, and dust cover, and a horn. Their working principle is similar to that of a paper cone speaker, but instead of a cone, they use a dome-shaped diaphragm. The sound is radiated into the air through the horn, allowing for better sound projection over long distances. These speakers are commonly used for outdoor sound reinforcement due to their high-frequency output and loud volume.

This article only introduces a portion of the speaker’s working principles. Here are some additional resources for deeper understanding:

• 1. The Working Principle of the Speaker
• 2. An Introduction to the Working Principles of Six Types of Speakers
• 3. A Disassembly Will Make It Clear! Violent Disassembly of a Conical Woofer

Stay tuned for more informative content about audio technology. If you found this helpful, feel free to share it with others!

Keywords: Electric speaker, How electric speaker works