Power supply anomalies can generally be categorized into three main types: phase loss, low voltage, and power failure, and they may also occur in various combinations. These issues are often caused by natural factors such as wind, snow, and lightning, but they can also result from ground faults or phase-to-phase short circuits within the same power system. Lightning activity varies significantly depending on the region and season. In addition to voltage fluctuations, some independent power generation systems or local grids may also experience frequency variations, which can occur repeatedly over a short period.
To ensure the stable operation of equipment, the inverter’s power supply must be reliable. If there are motors or induction cookers nearby that are activated directly, their startup can cause a sudden drop in voltage. To prevent this, it's advisable to separate the power supply for these devices from the inverter’s power source, minimizing interference and ensuring smoother operation.
For equipment that can continue running after a brief power interruption, it's important not only to choose an inverter at a suitable cost but also to consider the motor load’s speed reduction ratio in advance. When both the inverter and the external control loop use instantaneous power failure compensation, the speed sensor can detect the motor’s speed and prevent overspeed during acceleration once power is restored.
In cases where continuous operation is essential, an automatic uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with automatic switching should be installed. For example, a frequency converter with a diode input and single-phase control power supply might still operate during a phase loss, but it could lead to excessive current in the rectifier and large pulse currents in the capacitor. This can negatively affect the device’s lifespan and reliability, so it should be inspected and addressed promptly.
Lightning strikes or induced surges can create dangerous overvoltage conditions that may damage the inverter. Additionally, when a vacuum circuit breaker on the primary side of the system opens or closes during a short circuit, it can generate high surge voltages. To protect against this, a surge absorption device like a varistor is typically installed at the inverter’s input. A high-voltage surge absorber should also be added to the vacuum circuit breaker. If a vacuum circuit breaker is present on the primary side of the transformer, the inverter should be disconnected before the breaker is operated to avoid potential damage.
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