Power supply anomalies can generally be categorized into three main types: phase loss, low voltage, and power failure, with some cases involving a combination of these issues. These problems are often caused by natural factors such as wind, snow, and lightning strikes. In addition, internal issues like ground faults or phase-to-phase short circuits within the same power system can also lead to similar disruptions. Lightning activity varies significantly depending on the region and season. Beyond voltage fluctuations, certain power grids or self-generated power systems may also experience frequency variations, which can occur repeatedly over short periods.
To ensure stable operation of equipment, especially inverters, it's essential to maintain a reliable power supply. If there are devices like motors or induction cookers operating nearby, their startup can cause voltage drops. To minimize this impact, it’s advisable to separate the power supply for these devices from the inverter’s power source.
For equipment that can continue running during brief power outages, selecting an appropriate inverter is important. Additionally, the motor load's speed reduction ratio should be considered in advance. When both the inverter and the external control loop use instantaneous power failure compensation, the speed measurement from the motor can help prevent overspeeding when power is restored.
In applications requiring continuous operation, an automatic uninterruptible power supply (UPS) with automatic switching is recommended. Some devices, like frequency converters with diode input and single-phase control, may still function during phase loss, but this can lead to excessive current in the rectifier and large pulse currents through the capacitor, which can negatively affect the device's lifespan and reliability. These issues should be addressed promptly.
Lightning strikes or induced surges can create dangerous voltage spikes that may damage the inverter. Similarly, vacuum circuit breakers on the primary side of the power system can generate high surge voltages during short-circuit opening and closing. To protect against overvoltage damage, a surge absorber like a varistor is typically installed at the inverter’s input. A high-voltage surge absorber should also be used with vacuum circuit breakers. If a vacuum circuit breaker is present on the primary side of the transformer, the inverter should be disconnected before the breaker is operated.
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