Power MOSFETs are difficult to apply to short-circuit protection of lithium batteries in electric vehicles

(1) Large short circuit current In electric vehicles, the voltage of lithium iron phosphate batteries is typically 36V or 48V. When a short circuit occurs, the current can reach several hundred to even thousands of amperes. This high current is influenced by factors such as battery capacity, internal resistance, line parasitic inductance, and contact resistance at the point of failure. The magnitude of this current makes it crucial for protection systems to be robust and reliable. (2) Short circuit protection time should not be too short During operation, the short-circuit protection system must avoid false triggering due to transient overloads. Therefore, a certain delay is often built into the protection mechanism. Additionally, the accuracy of current sensing resistors and the response time of the control system can also affect the timing. As a result, the short-circuit protection time is generally set between 200μs and 1000μs, depending on the application. This means that power MOSFETs must remain stable and functional under high current conditions during this period, which adds complexity to the system design. Engineers must carefully balance speed, reliability, and safety to ensure the system operates efficiently and safely under all circumstances.

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