Analog audio terminal RCA
This is by far the most common audio/video terminal. This two-wire connection was invented by RCA Recording Company in the era of the radio, and there is a more old-fashioned and rather strange call. "Card" connector. The RCA terminal uses a coaxial transmission signal. The central axis is used to transmit signals. The outer layer of the contact layer is used for grounding. It can also be used to transmit digital audio signals and analog video signals. RCA audio terminals are typically labeled in pairs in different colors: the right channel is in red (the letter "R" means "right" or "red"); the left channel is black or white. In some cases, the center and surround channel cables are labeled with other colors to facilitate wiring differentiation, but all RCA connectors in the overall system are identical in electrical performance. In general, the RCA stereo audio cable is a group of left and right channels, each channel is a line in appearance. XLR balanced terminal 
This is a three-wire connection terminal. The three wires are positive, negative and shield. XLR is called "balanced terminal" and "microphone plug". It is generally used in professional or broadcast television, but it is also used in some Hi-End consumer equipment, between the preamplifier and the post amplifier. Signal transmission. In terms of connection, the three-wire XLR plug outputs an audio signal, while the three-wire jack inputs an audio signal. The advantage of the XLR terminal is that it balances the linear transmission signal, which can greatly reduce the electromagnetic and radio frequency interference generated by the electronic system and the noise and hum of the audio signal when the audio signal is transmitted over a long distance. However, in general consumer home appliances, the advantages of XLR transmission are not very obvious.
Phone/Mini-phone earphone terminal standard 1/4 inch (6.35mm) diameter headphone plug and jack design is from the early telephone wiring board, this terminal is generally a three-wire structure on the AV equipment (divided into The left/right channels are each one and grounded for stereo signal output. Headphone plugs and jacks are also commonly used on professional or broadcast equipment. In this case, the two-wire structure (divided into signal and ground) is used to transmit mono signals; sometimes it is also a three-wire structure (divided into positive, negative and shield). The mono signal is transmitted in a balanced manner. The small 1/8 inch (3.5mm) diameter headphone terminal is functionally identical to the standard headphone terminal and is used for portable signal transmission on stereo equipment. Digital audio terminal
Coaxial Coaxial Terminals According to the SPDIF (Sony-Philips Digital Interface Format) standard, wires with the same appearance as the RCA analog audio terminals can also be used to transmit digital audio signals. Coaxial terminals can be used to transmit stereo (CD format) or multi-channel (Dolby Digital/DTS) digital signals, and plugs are typically labeled in orange and black. Although any cable with RCA plugs can be used to transmit digital audio signals, it is best to use wires designed specifically for digital audio to achieve the best possible transmission, that is, the impedance of the plug and jack. Labeled as 75Ω.
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Toslink (Optical) fiber optic terminal Toslink fiber optic terminal standard and coaxial RCA terminal are the same, are SPDIF digital audio format, but the data transmission is not through the fluctuating current, but through the pulsating light wave, using special optical fiber as the medium . From the output port of Toslink, you can see the red light, which is not a laser and is not harmful to the human eye. Dirt and dust will hinder the transmission of light waves, so do not touch the connection port by hand when using it. When not in use, put the dust cap on the port. In addition, the fiber optic cable cannot be bent and twisted excessively, otherwise it will cause Permanent damage cannot be used.
AES-EBU (XLR) digital balance terminal www.
The terminals are used by the Audio Engineering Society (AES) and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), and are basically designed to be identical to the XLR balanced terminals that transmit analog audio signals. This type of connection is very common in professional audio equipment, but in the home field, it is only used in some Super Hi-End stereo and home theater equipment.
Speaker connection audio terminal - spring clip This connection is more common in affordable AV receivers, two-channel amplifiers and entry-level speakers. It is also very simple to use, press the spring clip, insert the bare wire head into the hole, and loosen the spring clip to clamp the wire. Since the reeds inside the spring clip are mounted very close together, there is electromagnetic contact in a relatively small area. However, it is sufficient for a speaker connection with a maximum output power of 100W or less.
Wiring plugs and sockets are suitable for all speaker cable plugs, such as: tightening the bare wire end, passing through the hole in the horizontal direction of the binding post, and then tightening the binding post; or the metal strip of the wire end Bend into a U shape, wrap around the terminal, and then tighten the terminal; or insert the metal strip of the wire directly into the hole of the terminal, and then tighten the terminal; if the wire is a banana plug, insert it directly into the front of the terminal In the hole, it will do.
Banana plug The name of this plug comes from its slightly bulging shape. It is very convenient to insert the hole on the front side of the multi-purpose socket mentioned above, and a very large contact area can be formed after the insertion. This feature makes it a priority for use in high-power output equipment for connecting speakers and receivers/amplifiers. Sometimes you can see banana plugs that are divided into two groups, called "double banana plugs", but not all devices (especially speakers) can be used.
Video terminal
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Composite composite video terminal The shape of this terminal is the same as that of the RCA terminal used to transmit analog and digital coaxial signals. The name is derived from the fact that the composite video terminal simultaneously transmits chromaticity (various colors) and brightness (black and white) through a single line. The signal, usually the appearance is marked in yellow. In terms of use, as long as it is an RCA plug, the wire that transmits signals coaxially can be used to transmit composite video signals, but the specially designed 75Ω impedance wire can restore better images, especially when transmitting over long distances. More obvious. This is because specially designed wires are more able to reduce the effects of impedance mismatch and signal reflection on the image, reducing ghosting. The composite video terminal is the most commonly used, but it is also a video transmission method with low fidelity, so the S video terminal and the color difference video terminal are more suitable when the image restoration quality is required.
The S video terminal uses a separate line to transmit the chrominance and luminance signals in the color video signal. Therefore, compared with the composite video terminal that transmits the chromaticity and luminance signals simultaneously with a single line, the restored image quality is obviously better. . The S terminal uses a unique four-pin plug (formally known as a mini-DIN connector). Be sure to find out the direction and position of the insertion when using it. If the brute force is inserted, the needle will be bent and the plug will be damaged.
Component color difference video terminal The English name of the color difference video terminal is derived from the fact that the terminal separates the video signal into three different basic components for transmission. Therefore, the color difference terminal uses three separate signal lines to transmit signals, and the restored signal quality is better than the composite terminal and the S terminal. In appearance, the color difference terminal is the same as the ordinary RCA terminal, but the three lines are used together, but the signals transmitted by the three lines are completely different. The three sets of signals are: brightness (marked with Y), and color difference signals (labeled Pb and Pr) after removing the luminance signal from two of the three primary color signals - blue and red - in three lines The joints are distinguished by green, blue and red. If these three lines are inserted incorrectly with each other, they may not show a picture or show strange colors. Some DVD players use BNC plug sockets (see the RGB+H/V video terminals below) for color difference signal transmission.
On some equipment, you can also see that the color difference video terminals are labeled as "Wideband" (wideband), "HDTV-Ready" (HDTV preparation), "HDTV-Capable" (HDTV available), etc. These labels mean that Color difference signals are output from HDTV tuners, progressive scan DVD players, scalers, or other video processing devices, and can also be displayed normally on high definition televisions and monitors. If your TV does not have the ability to receive high-definition signals and progressive scan signals, you will not get any image quality advantages by using these components to input these signals.
European standard video interface:
Transmission signal: The SCART interface transmits Cvbs signals and interlaced RGB signals. Usually, manufacturers use SCART to transmit RGB signals. Since the three primary color signals are transmitted separately, the performance in terms of chromaticity is better than that of S-Video. SCART now only has the standard to transmit 480I/576I interlaced signals.
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D video terminal This kind of terminal is named because the shape is close to the English letter "D". The video signal is digitally transmitted and directly input to the video display device with D video receiving terminal, which avoids the process of transmitting signal through analog video signal transmission. In the digital-analog conversion process, the quality of digital video reproduction is improved. The D terminal is currently divided into five types: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The video signals with the same shape but capable of transmission have different bandwidths. The larger the number, the higher the transmission bandwidth. D1 can only transmit 480i signals, D2 corresponds to 480i and 480p, D3 corresponds to 480i/480p/1080i, D4 corresponds to 480i/480p/1080i/720p, D5 has the highest specification, and can transmit 480i/480p/1080i/720p/1080p
RGB+H/V video terminal “RGB+H/V†stands for red, green and blue video signals plus horizontal and vertical video signals. This is a long-term transmission method used on professional video displays and computer monitors. It is now used in HDTV. You can see this on HDTV monitors and projectors (including some models that are not high definition). 5 input ports. In general, the RGB+H/V output input terminals are BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman, “Neil-Conseiman Knifeâ€, named after the socket inventor) plug connector This connector is inserted and screwed, and is used in professional laboratory equipment to provide an extremely reliable connection. Sometimes, RCA connectors are also applied to this type of connection, for example: from a computer or professional video device with RGB + H / V terminal output signal, the other end of the signal line with a VGA terminal output signal, but this The method of use is relatively expensive.
VGA video terminal For those who have connected the computer monitor to the host, the standard 15-pin D-port terminal of VGA should be familiar. In terms of the principle of signal transmission, the VGA terminal and the RGB+H/V terminal are the same, but the shape is different. In video equipment, VGA terminals are often used for signal output on HDTV tuners, or for signal input on HDTV monitors and projectors.
The full name of DVI is "Digital Visual Interface", which is the same as VGA and RGB+H/V terminals. It is also transplanted from the computer field to home equipment. DVI uses a nearly rectangular 18-pin connector to transmit digital video signals in one direction, such as video signals from HDTV tuners to HDTV monitors. Because the DVI connection method completely avoids the digital-to-analog conversion in the process of transmitting signals through analog video signal transmission methods (such as color difference terminals, RGB+H/V terminals, VGA terminals, etc., which are still analog transmissions) The process, therefore, for fixed pixel plasma, LCD, DLP and other display methods, has greater potential to achieve better digital video display quality. On some of the latest HDTV devices, the DVI connection method has been applied. In order to avoid illegal copying of DVI digital signals, HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection) anti-copy technology is also used on these machines.
Multi-purpose connection terminal
FireWire FireWire Terminal The name of this connection method was invented by Apple Inc., which meets the IEEE 1394 digital interface standard and is now widely used in computer and audio products. Sony called it "i.Link terminal", and some other manufacturers also have a variety of names, such as some called "DTV Link." This connection uses a small rectangular 4-pin terminal, digital serial interface, two-way transmission, transmission speed of up to 400M per second, computer for internal hard disk, computer audio and video editing system, digital camera, or HDTV tuner. A larger 6-pin Firewire terminal can also be seen on some computer devices while transmitting data and providing power. Prior to the advent of HDCP anti-theft copy technology, the Firewire terminal was completely disabled on HDTV devices to avoid illegal copying, but it was heavily used on digital camera connections.
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USB Universal Serial Bus Terminal USB stands for "Universal Serial Bus". It uses rectangular or rectangular-like terminals and has replaced the old 9-pin serial port used in personal computers to a considerable extent. Of course, in the field of home theater, it has also been widely used. Rectangular terminals (or Class A terminals) are more common on computer mainframes, and rectangular-like terminals (or Class B terminals) are common in computer peripherals. For audio and video use, USB terminals are used as data input/output transmission between computers, servers, portable MP3 players and computer audio and video recording/editing systems.
Ethernet (RJ-45) Ethernet Terminal The external image of this terminal is the same as the one of the telephone line plug jacks. It is also used in the same way: insert it into the card and press the plastic reed to pull it out. Ethernet terminals are ported from the computer field and are used in home theater equipment with network connectivity, such as receivers, hard disk recorders and digital music servers. This plug and wire are sold in almost every computer/electronic store and are already connected. Wwww
This 9-pin terminal can be seen on some A/V equipment and is used in conjunction with the DB-9 jack. It is used for connection between equipment and computers, for control and data exchange, and also as a home automation system. Standard interface (such as a touch screen controller).
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F-type (antenna) antenna terminal
This type of terminal is coaxially connected and is often found in receivers and preamplifiers/tuners for connecting FM antennas to receive weak RF signals. Such terminals are available in both plug-in and screw-in versions, which are found in cable television line and indoor antenna equipment.
Telcom (RJ-11) telephone line terminals In the field of audio and video equipment, such terminals are more common in satellite receivers and hard disk recorders, and their internal modems can dial the Internet through such terminals to transmit data such as TV program listings. It is exactly the same as the wiring of the ordinary telephone in use. Www.
Mini-phone miniature headphone terminal www.
The shape of this terminal is the same as that of the earphone terminal mentioned above for stereo analog signal transmission, but it is only a two-wire connection for transmitting signals and grounding, instead of using three wires to transmit stereo signals like the earphone terminals. . This type of terminal is more common on the A/V receiver and the preamplifier backplane. It uses 12V voltage output/input excitation to control the power on or off of other peripheral equipment. At the same time, this terminal is also used to transmit infrared remote control signals, so if the various types of equipment you use are the same manufacturer's products, you can use the remote control to point to one of the machines, while at the same time controlling other inconvenient direct operation machines. .
HDMI high-definition multimedia interface terminal www.
The full name of this terminal is the "High-Definition Multimedia Interface" terminal, which is not currently used in any officially sold product, but it is likely to be a standard connection terminal in the future. For digital video transmission, its basic principle is that single-line transmission is the same as DVI terminal, but it also transmits stereo and multi-channel digital audio, internal and infrared remote control signals. This 19-pin terminal is significantly smaller than the DVI terminal and looks more like a USB terminal. HDTV displays and source equipment equipped with HDMI terminals (first used in tuner and DVD players) are expected to appear on the market early next year. With an adapter, devices with HDMI terminals can be backward compatible with devices with DVI terminals. Of course, such a connection method does not necessarily completely transmit digital audio signals and control signals as the HDMI terminals are directly connected.
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