In the development process of video surveillance to digital, networked and integrated monitoring systems, “HD†technology has become a key application trend of many monitoring systems. High-definition brings a clearer and more intuitive visual experience. The high-definition surveillance in the 2008 Olympic Games, the National Day military parade in 2009 and the Shanghai World Expo have been very successful applications, and the security of key areas has been strengthened.
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HD video surveillance application background
The high-definition monitoring system has a large code rate (4Mbps-20Mbps), strong comprehensiveness, and huge data volume. The requirements for the storage system are very high, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
· High performance concurrent literacy;
· Efficient and reasonable space management capabilities;
· Rapid retrieval of massive data;
· Stable and reliable data retention capabilities;
· Flexible and fast space expansion capabilities.
This article will focus on Hikvision's two typical storage solutions for HD surveillance - monitoring CVR storage and monitoring cloud storage, both of which use optimization measures for monitoring and storage management technologies for massive data in HD Outstanding performance in the application.
HD monitoring storage solution introduction
CVR storage solution
The CVR storage solution uses the storage system as the core part of data management and storage, which reduces the storage server link. The front-end monitoring data stream is directly written into the storage system. The platform and the client directly read and call the video data from the storage system, all of which are The transport protocols all use streaming media transport protocols for video. See Figure 1 for the system architecture.
The solution can omit the storage server in the architecture, eliminating its inherent performance bottlenecks and single point of failure. Streaming media-based data transmission and data management structure can almost completely eliminate the file fragmentation problem caused by overlay file reading and writing under the traditional file system, greatly improve the writing and retrieval speed of the storage system; at the same time, it will completely eliminate the traditional file system. Problems with file system corruption, data read-only, etc. caused by power supply and network instability.
Monitor cloud storage solutions
The monitoring cloud storage solution is divided into an application layer, a cloud storage interface layer, and a cloud storage layer. All the front-end applications can access the storage service by accessing the cloud storage system through a unified cloud storage interface. The program has the following characteristics:
· Adopt advanced architecture and unified cloud storage service interface, storage is transparent to users, and application steps are simplified;
· The cloud storage management server supports clustering, no core nodes;
·Cloud storage automatically adjusts the load according to the pressure and space conditions of each node to achieve intelligent load balancing;
· When a part of the storage node fails, the load of the node can be transparently transferred to other nodes to ensure that the service continues and the fault is transparent to the application layer.
· Capacity and performance expansion of cloud storage can be achieved by adding corresponding nodes, and transparent to upper layer applications;
· Adopt many streaming media file systems, cache optimization, data protection mechanisms and other technologies for video applications, providing nearly 100% service guarantee.
HD video storage technology
High-performance stream storage technology
The storage system starts from the aspects of system architecture, file structure, cache, etc., and optimizes the design for monitoring applications, and introduces a high-performance stream storage system. The data transmission adopts the data flow mode, and the bottom layer adopts the streaming media data structure that breaks the limitation of the traditional file system, which greatly improves the system performance.
Cache algorithm sequencing technology
The monitoring application is a storage application with large stream and multiple concurrent writes, which has high requirements on performance, concurrency and stability. The storage system adopts a unique large cache sequential algorithm to change multiple random concurrent accesses into sequential access, which solves the problem that the performance of the hard disk head is rapidly degraded due to frequent seeks and the life of the hard disk is shortened.
Efficient and reasonable space management technology
Cluster management technology
High-definition monitoring will generate PB-level massive monitoring data, and the number of storage devices will reach dozens of hundreds, so the scientific and efficient management method is very important. It provides multi-device centralized management tools based on cluster management technology, with centralized monitoring of equipment, cluster management, monitoring of system software and hardware running status, active alarm, and image system detection.
Multi-device cluster storage service is provided for large-scale monitoring systems, and EB-level massive volume addressing can be provided in streaming media applications. 64-bit command addressing, 8TB data volume, multiple data volumes can provide space for the same set of video, the total space size is 264X8TB.
Fast retrieval playback technology
Massive data fast data location technology
In high-definition surveillance applications, efficient data retrieval is especially important. In the traditional file system, the file retrieval uses the search procedure of “Directory->Subdirectory->File->Locationâ€. In the high-definition video monitoring of massive data, the number of directories and files is very considerable, and the efficiency of this retrieval mode will be Great discount. Haikang Stream storage system uses a unique "device number -> corresponding data volume -> offset" retrieval method to minimize the depth of retrieval and improve retrieval efficiency.
Precise positioning and efficient playback
Based on the underlying stream storage data structure and fast data location technology, it is possible to realize instant playback of any time period (the time period can be infinitely small or infinitely close to the current time) and fast and accurate retrieval and positioning of any time point/time period. The retrieved single video recording can be cut into multiple segments of parallel playback, greatly improving playback efficiency.
Stable and reliable data retention technology
Block space pre-allocation technique
Almost all of the monitoring applications are cyclically covered and read-write applications, which must produce file fragmentation, which will have a great impact on the storage system.
The solution storage based on the streaming media data structure, through the data space pre-allocation space strategy, almost completely eliminates file fragmentation in the loop coverage application environment, so that the system has good performance and stability.
Principle: Divide the data block into a large virtual block vblock (at least 16MB), and divide the virtual data block into different areas according to the recording period, ensuring that the coverage period of each data area is consistent, and avoiding as much as possible. Fragments appear while improving performance and stability.
N+n+m redundancy
Provides N+n+m standby working modes: N online storage devices, n hot standby (sleep) storage devices, and m cold standby (off state) storage devices. When the online storage system fails, the hot standby machine takes over the service immediately. When the fault is recovered, the service and data are moved back. If the faulty machine data needs to be called, the faulty machine's disk can be inserted into the cold standby machine to realize the immediate availability of all data. .
Flexible and fast space expansion technology
For high-definition surveillance systems, as the monitoring front-end increases and storage time increases, scalability is important. Some vendors have offered a stack expansion mode that is purely for capacity expansion expansion mode and performance capacity synchronous linear expansion.
MAID energy saving technology
The storage device supports the disk MAID energy saving mechanism, and can sleep the disk group or the whole machine according to the policy, thereby minimizing the power consumption of the normal working of the device, reducing the energy cost of the data center, and contributing to environmental protection.
Archive storage and video locking technology
For archival preservation of important sensitive data, the WORM function ensures the data storage level is safe and reliable. At the same time, the lock function is provided for important event related recordings and is not covered within the set time range.
Conclusion
High-definition video surveillance places high demands on the performance, reliability, capacity, and scalability and management, energy efficiency, and openness of storage systems. The CVR stream storage solution supports direct connection of codecs and clients, providing a simpler architecture and higher performance, and is currently the best high-definition mass video storage solution. A new generation of video surveillance cloud storage system solutions consisting of video cloud storage, data cloud storage and cloud computing can provide users with cloud services such as intelligent storage and intelligent analysis, providing a completely transparent, efficient and convenient, secure solution. Especially suitable for large-scale deployment of video storage systems.
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