Motor vehicle rear-end analysis: demystifying the working principle of automatic blocking system

What technology does a high-speed train rely on for dispatching? The "automatic block system" has become the top priority for dispatching trains to maintain a safe operating distance.

According to the "Technical Management Measures for Railway Passenger Dedicated Lines (Trial)" by the Ministry of Railways, the train operation dispatching system includes three parts, namely, the TDCS (Train Dispatching Command System) responsible for the implementation of all dispatching plans. Computer control equipment for signal control, positioning and reversal of turnouts, and automatic block system for section track circuits.

"Automatic block system" is an important signal control system to ensure the safety of railway traffic. The train track will be divided into different sections, the concept is equivalent to different stations in the subway. The automatic blocking system forms a blocking zone between adjacent sections, and only one train can enter each blocking section. The automatic blocking system will be supplemented by radio intercom as a command.

Working principle of train automatic block system

When a train is running in a blocked area, it will receive the instructions given by the signal lights, which is equivalent to the traffic lights when people cross the road every day. In the railway system, there are usually four states: "red light", "yellow light", "green yellow light" and "green light". A red light indicates that the train is about to stop, a yellow light indicates that the train is going slow, a green and yellow light indicates that the train should be driven at medium speed, and a green light indicates that the train can travel at the highest speed limit.

If a block is occupied by trains, in order to ensure a safe running distance, the adjacent blocks of the block will be changed to "red light", "yellow light" and "green-yellow light" respectively, to ensure that the subsequent trains are in It is safe to stop between driving to this blocked area. If the train fails to stop immediately when it runs to the "red light" area, the train's "black box" will automatically take over the vehicle, and the train will stop in time.

In addition to the automatic occlusion system, personnel control is also an auxiliary means. The status of these signal lights can not only be seen by the driving driver, but also displayed on the monitoring center of the dispatch center. Not only that, the monitoring station can also display information such as section occupancy and switch position. Through this information, the dispatcher issues instructions to the interlocking system according to the plan, but the interlocking system does not completely obey and follow, but automatically judges and executes the relevant instructions after confirming that the safety conditions are met. It will arrange the running path of the car, open the signal lights along the way, and set it to green in order to guide the passage of the train.

In addition to the automatic blocking system and personnel scheduling, there is a third barrier, the Train Dispatching Command System (TDCS), to ensure the safe running distance of trains. TDCS will compare the planned operation diagram with the actual operation diagram and automatically generate a new operation plan. After the dispatcher confirms, the plan will be automatically delivered to each station and train.

If the personnel in the control room cannot issue instructions to the interlocking system, then a program called "centralized self-dispatching centralized system (CTC)" will play a role. It is equivalent to the TDCS extension and can be used in unmanned intervention and unattended situations Next, the operation of entering and leaving the train will be automatically arranged. As a centralized detection system for independent detection and recording, the signal status, switch position and other parameters can be automatically alarmed if the parameters are abnormal. At this time, the dispatch center will handle it immediately.

It is reported that the automatic blocking system will not fail under the premise of normal quality and regular maintenance, which can guarantee trouble-free operation.

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