In the future, LTE will evolve in both high-speed and low-speed directions to meet the diverse needs of IoT applications, helping drive the development of industry-based upper-layer services. NB-IoT plays a key role in the low-speed and cost-effective segments of the Internet of Things, addressing specific market demands. It can be said that NB-IoT is not only the prelude to 5G commercialization but also its foundational technology.
From a technical perspective, NB-IoT is an emerging global IoT technology. Unlike broadband technologies like 3G and 4G, it operates on a narrowband, offering significantly better signal coverage than 2G networks. It provides wide-area coverage, supports multiple connections, and has low speed, low cost, and low power consumption. Additionally, NB-IoT can be deployed directly on existing GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks, allowing for cost-effective upgrades and smooth integration with current infrastructure.
**Technical Advantages of NB-IoT:**
Unlike traditional IoT systems, NB-IoT has a more straightforward network structure. Sensing nodes can communicate directly with base stations, reducing potential security risks during data transmission. Both the base station and the NB-IoT node must perform mutual authentication to prevent threats from fake base stations.
Compared to traditional IoT transport layers, NB-IoT eliminates the need for relay gateways, simplifying network deployment and reducing costs. It supports easier maintenance, installation, and management, making it ideal for large-scale IoT applications.
The wireless communication layer in NB-IoT ensures strong security, similar to computer networks and LTE. It features end-to-end identity authentication and key agreement mechanisms, ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and message legitimacy.
NB-IoT also offers many other benefits. It uses only an 180KHz frequency band, and its terminal PSM mode can last up to 10 years on a single battery. The chip cost is around $1, and the module is about $5. It supports multicast, continuous mobility, and new power levels, among other features.
**From Policy to the Entire Industry Chain:**
The NB-IoT core protocol was finalized in just one year. From lab testing to field trials and then to commercial deployment, it quickly became a reality in China. In June, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a notice promoting the comprehensive development of mobile IoT (NB-IoT), setting targets of 20 million connections by 2017 and 600 million by 2020. This marked NB-IoT's inclusion in the national industrial strategy.
Since non-operators cannot deploy NB-IoT networks, the government's policy has reinforced operators' efforts to build NB-IoT base stations. This sends a clear signal to upstream and downstream manufacturers in the supply chain, accelerating the growth of the entire ecosystem.
**NB-IoT Smart Lock Applications:**
Smart home is a large-scale industry, and NB-IoT is being used in various areas, including smart locks, water meter reading, smart appliances, security alarms, and wearable devices. The value of NB-IoT in smart locks goes beyond the lock itself, adding features such as long standby time, efficient device connection, and reliable indoor cellular coverage.
After NB-IoT integration, smart locks can last up to two years on a single battery without requiring a gateway or router. They connect directly to the operator’s base station, improving network stability and security. NB-IoT signals are much stronger than existing networks, even reaching basements, enabling features like “random password†entry.
NB-IoT can support over 100 times more connected devices per base station compared to traditional networks, reducing call drops and improving reliability.
As a key component of smart homes, smart locks are becoming essential for household security. They are driving sales of related products like smart doorbells, safes, and cameras. During the 618 shopping festival, smart lock brands dominated the hardware category on Tmall, proving their popularity.
From the network architecture perspective, NB-IoT simplifies vertical industry applications and clarifies roles. Smart locks are becoming a top choice in the IoT sector. NB-IoT smart locks require real-name registration for enhanced security and support automatic device registration and over-the-air updates.
With its convenience and practicality, NB-IoT smart locks are expected to boost sales. However, widespread adoption depends on reducing hardware, network, installation, and service costs. Achieving large-scale application requires significant cost reductions.
As NB-IoT technology matures, a complete industry chain has formed, covering chips, modules, terminals, operators, and applications. Its wide coverage helps solve challenges in industries like shared bikes, showing great potential for future development.
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