In the future, LTE will evolve in both high-speed and low-speed directions alongside 5G to meet the diverse needs of IoT applications, driving the development of upper-layer industry applications. NB-IoT plays a key role in the low-speed and low-cost segments of the Internet of Things, supporting different market demands. It can be said that NB-IoT is not only the prelude to 5G commercialization but also its foundational technology.
From a technical standpoint, NB-IoT is an emerging global IoT technology. Compared to broadband technologies like 3G and 4G, NB-IoT is a narrowband solution with much stronger signal coverage than 2G, offering wide-area coverage, multiple connections, low speed, low cost, and low power consumption. Additionally, NB-IoT can be directly deployed on existing GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks, allowing for efficient multiplexing with current base stations, reducing deployment costs, and enabling smooth network upgrades.
**Technical Advantages of NB-IoT:**
Unlike traditional IoT sensing layers, NB-IoT has a more straightforward networking structure, allowing sensing nodes to communicate directly with base stations, thus avoiding potential routing security risks. The authentication between NB-IoT nodes and base stations should be bidirectional—both the base station and the node must authenticate each other to prevent threats from fake base stations.
Compared to traditional IoT transport layers, NB-IoT eliminates the need for complex relay gateways, solving issues like multi-network integration, high costs, and large battery requirements. It offers a simpler, more manageable network with easier installation and maintenance.
The security of Zigbee-based local mesh networks has been proven in the market. The communication layer in NB-IoT is fully wireless, similar to computer networks and LTE, providing end-to-end identity authentication and key agreement mechanisms to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and message legitimacy.
Moreover, NB-IoT has many advantages, such as using only an 180KHz frequency band. Its terminal PSM mode supports up to 10 years of battery life. The chip cost is around $1, and the module is about $5. It also supports multicast, continuous mobility, new power levels, and more.
**From State Policy to the Entire Industry Chain**
The NB-IoT core protocol was finalized in just one year. From lab verification to field testing and commercial launch, it successfully entered the market. In June this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a notice promoting the comprehensive development of mobile IoT (NB-IoT), setting targets of 20 million connections in 2017 and 600 million by 2020. This marked NB-IoT’s inclusion in the national industrial plan.
Since non-operators cannot deploy NB-IoT networks, the government's policy reinforced operators’ commitment to building NB-IoT base stations. This clear signal benefits the entire supply chain, from chip manufacturers to terminal producers.
**NB-IoT Smart Lock Applications**
Smart home is a large-scale industry, and NB-IoT is currently used in smart locks, water meters, appliances, security alarms, and wearable devices. The value of NB-IoT in smart locks goes beyond the product itself, adding features like long standby time, efficient connectivity, and strong indoor coverage.
After NB-IoT integration, the standby time of smart locks extends from one year to two, without needing a gateway or router. They connect directly to operator base stations, ensuring better stability and security. Even in basements, NB-IoT signals are far stronger than existing networks, enabling features like “random password†entry.
NB-IoT can support over 100 times more connected devices per base station, making it ideal for smart locks. As a key smart home security product, smart locks will drive sales of related products like smart cameras and safes.
With the maturity of NB-IoT technology, the complete industry chain from chips to applications is now well-established. This will help solve long-term maintenance challenges in industries like shared bikes. However, large-scale adoption still depends on reducing hardware, network, installation, and service costs. Only with lower deployment costs can NB-IoT achieve widespread use.
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