What are the classification of intelligent robots? The main types of intelligent robots today

With the needs of social development and the expansion of robotic applications, people are increasingly demanding intelligent robots. Robots are multidisciplinary products that integrate advanced theories and techniques in kinematics and dynamics, mechanical design and manufacturing, computer hardware and software, control and sensors, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence. At the same time, it is again a typical type of automation machine, which is the extension and development of dedicated automatic machines and numerical control machines. What are the main categories of intelligent robots? What are the main types of intelligent robots in today's society?

The main classification of intelligent robots

(a) Classification by function

1. Sensing robot

Also externally controlled robots. There is no intelligent unit on the body of the robot. There are only actuators and sensing mechanisms. It uses sensory information (including vision, hearing, touch, proximity, force and infrared, ultrasound, and laser, etc.) to perform sensor information processing and control. The ability to operate. Controlled by an external computer, the robots currently used in the small group games of the Robot World Cup fall into this category.

2. Autonomous robot

After the design is made, the robot can perform various anthropomorphic tasks in various environments without human intervention. On the body of an autonomous robot, there are modules for sensing, processing, decision making, and execution, which can act and deal with problems independently as an autonomous person. Many countries attach great importance to the research of autonomous mobile robots. The research of intelligent robots began in the early 60s. After decades of development, intelligent robots based on sensory control (also called second-generation robots) have reached the stage of practical application. Intelligent robots based on knowledge control (also known as autonomous robots) Or next-generation robots have made great progress, and many kinds of prototypes have been developed.

3, interactive robot

The robot performs a human-machine dialogue with an operator or a programmer through a computer system to realize the control and operation of the robot. Although it has some processing and decision-making capabilities, it can independently implement some functions such as trajectory planning and simple obstacle avoidance, but it also needs external control.

(B) Classification by intelligence

1, industrial robot

It can only work in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the people, and no matter how the external conditions change, they can't make corresponding adjustments to the program, that is, the work done. If you want to change the work done by the robot, people must change the program accordingly, so it is not intelligent.

2, primary intelligent robot

With human-like feelings, recognition, reasoning and judgment. According to the change of external conditions, the program can be modified within a certain range, that is, it can adapt to changes in external conditions on how to make their own adjustments. However, the principle of modifying the program is prescribed by the person in advance, and this kind of junior intelligent robot has certain intelligence.

3, advanced intelligent robot

With the ability to sense, identify, reason and judge, it is also possible to modify the program within a certain range based on changes in external conditions. The difference is that the principle of modifying the program is not stipulated by the person, but the principle that the robot itself acquires the modified program by learning and summarizing the experience. So its intelligence is higher than the initial intelligent robot. This robot has a certain ability of automatic planning and can arrange its own work. This kind of robot can not be taken care of by human beings and completely independent of the work, so it is called advanced self-discipline robot. This kind of robot also began to become practical.

The main types of today's intelligent robots

1. Industrial production robot

At this stage, the concept of “machine substitution” has been increasingly favored by production and processing companies. Industrial robots are constructed from manipulators (mechanics), controllers, servo drive systems, and detection and sensing devices. A human-like operation, automatic control, repeatable programming, and an electromechanical automatic production equipment capable of performing various operations in a three-dimensional space. Particularly suitable for flexible production of many varieties and batches. It plays a very important role in stabilizing, improving product quality, improving production efficiency, improving working conditions and rapid product replacement. Robots do not replace artificial labor in a simple sense, but an anthropomorphic electromechanical device that integrates human expertise and machine expertise. It is not only a person's ability to respond quickly to the state of the environment, but also has the ability to analyze and judge. The ability to work continuously, with high accuracy and resistance to harsh environments is, in a sense, the product of the evolution of the machine. It is an important production and service equipment for industrial and non-industrial sectors, and is also indispensable in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. Automation equipment.

2. Japan plans to use robots at special disaster sites

This technology is mainly aimed at nuclear power plant accidents, NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) terrorist attacks and other situations. Remote-controlled robots are equipped with belts to measure the amount of radiation, bacteria, chemicals, toxic gases, etc., around the site across the rubble and transmit the data to the command center. The commander can select less-contaminated access routes based on the data. Field personnel will carry out activities on machines that measure the amount of radiation, respiration, heartbeat, and body temperature. These data will be immediately transmitted to the command center. If a danger of heat stroke or mental stress is detected and a high risk is discovered, the withdrawal can be commanded immediately.

3, medical capsule endoscopic robot

The “capsule endoscope robot” with the same shape and appearance as the ordinary capsule was developed by Shanghai Anhan Medical Technology Co., Ltd. and Anhan Optoelectronics Technology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd. It adopted the internationally-accepted remote-controlled capsule endoscope control system. Through this system, doctors can use software to control the movement of the capsule robot in the stomach, change the posture of the capsule, and focus on the focus of the photograph according to the required angle, so as to achieve a comprehensive observation of the gastric mucosa and make a diagnosis. In this process, the image is wirelessly transmitted to the portable recorder. After the data is exported, the playback can be continued to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Compared with traditional gastroscopes, this method has the advantages of more accurate data collection, no pain, and no cross-infection when used once. To date, 321 patients have voluntarily agreed to participate in magnetic capsule endoscopy clinical studies. Through the preliminary analysis of the research results, it is proved that the remote-control capsule endoscopy system is safe to use and the diagnostic accuracy rate is 92.8%. This improves the proportion of common people’s digestive tract health examinations and early gastrointestinal diseases, and reduces the late incidence of malignant gastrointestinal diseases. It is of great significance.

4, Da Vinci high-definition three-dimensional imaging robot

The "Da Vinci" robot is called the Da Vinci High-Definition 3D Imaging Robotic Surgical System. Da Vinci Surgical Robot is the most advanced minimally invasive surgical system currently used worldwide. It is suitable for general surgery, urology, cardiovascular surgery, thoracic surgery, gynecology, ENT, pediatric surgery and other minimally invasive surgery. This is the only intelligent endoscopic minimally invasive surgical system approved by the FDA for clinical surgical treatment. Since the beginning of clinical application in 2000, China was first introduced by the PLA General Hospital in 2006. More than 500 years ago, Da Vinci designed the prototype of the robot. There are three major components: 1. An ergonomically designed doctor operating system; 2. A 4-arm bedside robotic arm system consisting of 3 instrument arms and 1 lens arm; 3. A high-definition 3D video imaging system.

5, "Alpha" intelligent humanoid robot

In late September 2014, a football match played at the Beijing Workers' Stadium allowed a pair of robot fans to become popular, and they also possessed a name with profound meaning, namely "Alpha". It is one of the robot products developed by Shenzhen Youbest Technology Co., Ltd. and it is internally called "Alpha". This robot is equipped with intelligent extended learning capabilities such as editing actions. It is a fully-fledged intelligent type. robot.

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