Application of LTC6803 in Ni-MH Battery Energy Storage Management System

At present, battery management systems (BMS) have primarily focused on the electric vehicle sector, both domestically and internationally. However, energy storage battery management systems are a crucial component of battery energy storage power stations. In China, most battery companies are still in the early stages of technological development. Some literature has proposed a lithium-ion battery management system tailored for large-capacity energy storage applications, analyzing it from structural, functional, and hierarchical management perspectives. Meanwhile, major countries such as the United States and European nations have made significant progress in researching key technologies related to energy storage, with rapid development in both research and demonstration projects. In this study, we focus on environmental protection and economic efficiency by selecting used nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries from decommissioned electric bus power systems for energy storage. A corresponding battery management system is then designed. The LTC6803 chip is employed to collect voltage and temperature data across the entire energy storage system and to control the battery pack's balancing function. **1. Energy Storage System Architecture** The BMS architecture of the energy storage system designed in this work is illustrated in Figure 1. It consists of three main units: data acquisition, control and processing, and peripheral components. The microcontroller unit uses the Freescale 16-bit MC9S12XEG128. The acquisition unit includes voltage and temperature sampling of the battery pack, while the control unit handles battery balancing and relay operations. The processing and peripheral unit is responsible for signal processing and communication, as well as controlling other modules.

LTC6803 is widely adopted in electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to its high sampling accuracy and simple wiring configuration. As a power management IC, it serves as the front-end for voltage and temperature monitoring. It integrates 12 voltage channels and 2 temperature channels, along with controllable battery equalization switches, ensuring consistent performance among the battery cells. **2. Hardware Circuit Design of Power Management Chip LTC6803** **2.1 Basic Schematic and Introduction** In this design, C0 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack, C1 to C12 serve as voltage acquisition ports, and S1 to S12 are equalization switches. GPIO and VTEMP pins are linked to the temperature acquisition module. Notably, the LTC6803 is powered entirely by the battery pack itself, eliminating the need for an external power supply on the control board. If an isolated power supply is used, the LTC6803 can be turned off simply by disconnecting the V pin.

**2.2 Communication Design** The LTC6803 features an SPI-compatible serial interface, enabling data exchange between the MCU and the BMS. The MCU can collect voltage and temperature data from the battery pack and control the balancing circuit in real-time by configuring the internal registers of the LTC6803. In Figure 1, an SPI signal isolation circuit using the ADuM3150 chip with four high-speed channels ensures stable and reliable transmission of the SPI signals. This setup enhances the system’s overall reliability and safety, especially in complex environments.

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