In the 21st century, energy security and environmental protection have become issues of globalization. Many countries have made it a top priority to alleviate the contradiction between energy supply and demand and deal with climate change, and have formulated development strategies.
Compared with other countries, although China's fossil energy reserves are moderate in the world, the per capita fossil energy possession is far below the world average. With the rapid development of the economy, the energy issue has become the bottleneck restricting China's social and economic development and the improvement of people's living standards.
What are the main problems facing China's energy development at present? What are the pillar energy sources in the future? Based on the national conditions, what issues should China pay attention to in terms of energy utilization? What are the shortcomings in energy research? These topics are generally concerned by the public in the two sessions. On the eve of the convening, Academician Du Xiangyu, deputy director of the National Energy Expert Advisory Committee and vice president of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, accepted an exclusive interview with the reporter.
Have a policy, lack of planning
Reporter: What problems do you think China is currently facing in terms of energy development?
Du Xiangyu: First, energy conservation is preferred, second is to adjust the structure, and third is to ensure supply. At the National Science and Technology Conference held in 2006, General Secretary Hu Jintao proposed that the development of energy, water resources and environmental protection technologies should be given priority and resolve to resolve major bottlenecks that constrain economic and social development. Energy should be treated as a cornerstone of the national economy and a strategic focus area. This policy has been very clear. What is most needed to be clarified now is the strategy to achieve the goal.
At present, China is basically an inefficient, extensive and polluting energy system, and it is not necessary to transform into a modern, efficient, clean and safe energy system. To achieve this transformation, two changes are needed. One is to reduce the proportion of traditional fossil energy in total energy demand and to make it clean; the second is to increase the supply of clean energy. The transformation of this energy system is actually the energy revolution, which takes about several decades.
China's current coal-based energy consumption structure has led to increasing environmental pressures. Fossil energy, especially sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and soot emissions from coal use are the main sources of air pollution. At present, China is the world's largest emitter of sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide emissions are also the highest in the world (although per capita emissions are much lower than developed countries). The emissions of the two have reached 25 million tons and 5.5 billion tons per year respectively. If no effective measures are taken, by 2020, the environmental capacity will be greatly exceeded.
At present and in the future, coal is still the first contributor to China's energy. Environmental constraints require us to vigorously promote the efficient and clean utilization of coal and regard it as a national strategy. In recent years, China has also received increasing international pressure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Under the above background, the transition to a more rational energy structure has become an inevitable development trend.
Reporter: Is there any national level planning for energy development and utilization in China?
Du Xiangwei: China still has guidelines and lack of planning in this regard. However, as far as I know, the National Energy Administration is working on a master plan for China's energy development before 2030. The Chinese Academy of Engineering is also organizing experts to conduct research on China's energy medium- and long-term (2030~2050) development strategy to provide decision support. This project will be completed by the end of this year.
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