I. About electricity price reform
(1) Characteristics and objectives of reform
On April 6, the General Office of the State Council issued the “Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Power System during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan†(hereinafter referred to as the “Implementation Opinionsâ€). Among them, the task of the “Eleventh Five-Year†electricity price reform was clearly put forward: continue to deepen the electricity price reform and gradually rationalize the electricity price mechanism. In accordance with the "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Reform Plan for the Power Generation Price" (Guo Ban Fa [2003] No. 62) and related regulations, the reform of various electricity prices will be steadily advanced. It is necessary to combine the construction of regional power market, establish a grid-based electricity price formation mechanism that is compatible with the competition of power generation, and initially establish a transmission and distribution price mechanism that is conducive to promoting the healthy development of the power grid. The sales price should reflect the resource status and the relationship between Power Supply and demand and gradually The on-grid price has been linked. It is necessary to implement a price policy that is conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection, fully implement the electricity price mechanism that encourages the development of clean energy, vigorously implement the demand side electricity price management system, and study and formulate environmental protection discount standards for power generation emissions. Before the power generation enterprises bid for the Internet, they will continue to implement coal price linkage. In addition, it is necessary to gradually improve the electricity market supervision system and implement effective supervision in accordance with the law.
So far, the "road map" of the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform has a clearer direction. Although on the whole, the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform is not as "suddenly advancing" as people think, it feels that it is safe and sound, and the tension is not enough, and there is a certain gap with the public's expectations. However, it is conceivable that electricity price reform, as a reform that affects the whole industry and even the upstream and downstream interests, must be cautious every step of the way. Otherwise, it may be a thousand miles away from the original intention of reform. Moreover, if we study it carefully, it is not difficult to find that the "Implementation Opinions" has not only deployed important tasks but also a clear price policy signal for the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform.
Personally, the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform has obvious continuity characteristics, that is, the direction, principles, and main contents of the electricity price reform are all established, and a lot of work has been done during the "10th Five-Year Plan" period. The task is to further promote, implement, and do a good job on this basis, neither to start a new stove, nor to find another way. The goal of the reform is to gradually form a tariff mechanism that is compatible with the market economy. But we must also see that electricity price reform is a complex systematic project involving the direct interests of various subjects. The difficulty and resistance of reform cannot be ignored. It cannot be done overnight. We must have a clear understanding of this. However, the direction of reform is clear, and the determination to reform cannot be shaken. It is only necessary to be active and to be sound when promoting reform.
(2) Key tasks of reform
In response to the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" power system reform and electricity price reform tasks, individuals believe that the reform of transmission and distribution prices and the linkage between sales price and on-grid price will be the highlight of the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform.
As the middle fulcrum of the on-grid price and the selling price of the "warp board", the transmission and distribution price reform will have a major impact on the power industry's interest pattern. The establishment of an independent transmission and distribution price mechanism and the determination of the price level are not only important policy measures for the survival and development of power grid enterprises, but also important market position signals, which are the key to the role of market allocation resources, and the object and basis of supervision. It is also clearer and helps to form effective regulation.
The path of transmission and distribution price reform can be described as three steps: First, it is necessary to implement the main and auxiliary separation of the power grid and the main multi-separation reform as soon as possible to solve the problems of the main business of transmission and distribution, auxiliary industry and multi-business, clear assets and costs. To make the transmission and distribution costs truly controllable; the second is to speed up the development of power grid transmission and distribution price supervision and inspection methods, from the composition and collection of cost items, the cost of verification principles and methods, cost of audit authority and procedures, etc. Transmission and distribution price and cost behavior, strict control of transmission and distribution pricing costs, especially wages, bonuses, welfare and other labor costs should be controlled; the third is to determine the reasonable transmission and distribution price on the basis of the above (in the near future to support the development of the grid, should Adopting the cost-adding method to verify the electricity price), the operation and development of the power grid will be guaranteed in the mechanism, and at the same time, strict supervision should be implemented on the operation of the power grid to cut off the motivation of the power grid to seek unreasonable interests.
In addition, the establishment of a reasonable transmission and distribution price is the key to promoting direct supply to large users. However, the transmission and distribution price directly supplied by large users is only a special form of normal transmission and distribution price. The reasonable transmission and distribution price mechanism is established and the price level is determined. The direct transmission and distribution price of large users and even the direct supply of large users will be solved. .
The sales price should reflect the resource status and the relationship between power supply and demand and gradually achieve linkage with the on-grid price. This is a clear requirement put forward by the Implementation Opinion. From the current situation, although the power grid has been separated, some regional power markets have been launched one after another. However, since the transmission and distribution prices have not been independently priced, the price linkage mechanism at both ends of the sale has not been formed. Therefore, the role of market allocation resources is far from being realized. The mechanism that the sales price reflects the scarcity of resources and the supply and demand of electricity and the linkage with the on-grid price has not yet been established. In this sense, the electricity price reform can be said to have a long way to go. Under the circumstances that the power market reform is not in place, coal-electricity linkage is also an effective way to temporarily resolve the contradiction between coal and electricity. It can be said that it is an expedient measure. But in essence, coal-electricity linkage is still a typical government behavior, or a planned behavior. The current coal-fired electricity price linkage method is not spontaneously linked to the conditions, or it is up to the government authorities to comprehensively consider whether the linkage is based on the rise in coal prices and other conditions. The management cost is still relatively high, and the information with the enterprise is impossible. Fully symmetrical, the price increase of electricity is not necessarily scientific and reasonable.
The linkage between on-grid electricity price and sales electricity price is a market behavior that reflects the relationship between supply and demand. It is also the key to the normal operation of the electricity market. It is necessary to intensify reforms and actively create conditions to work in this direction. However, the premise is that only by realizing market linkage on the basis of correcting the price of distortion, can we reflect the scarcity of resources and the level of pollution control costs, in order to truly play the role of leverage adjustment of electricity prices.
In addition, during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the pace of bidding online will be accelerated, and the on-grid price formation mechanism compatible with the competition in power generation will be established; the mechanism for providing supplementary services with compensation will be gradually implemented, and the charging standards for auxiliary services will be studied and developed; Cross-subsidization; the implementation of separate financial accounting pilots for the distribution and distribution of financial links, laying the foundation for the separation of transmission and distribution prices are also important reform tasks.
Second, on the electricity price policy
(1) Policy orientation and characteristics
If there is no big ups and downs in the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform, the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price policy orientation is very clear: it is necessary to focus on energy conservation and environmental protection, contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection, and promote economic restructuring. The transformation of economic growth mode promotes the healthy and coordinated development of the power industry. The characteristics of the electricity price policy are: the leverage adjustment effect is more obvious, and the macro control color is more prominent. The "Implementation Opinions" clearly stipulates that the electricity price policy is conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection, comprehensively implements the electricity price mechanism that encourages the development of clean energy, vigorously implements the demand side electricity price management system, and studies and formulates environmental protection discount standards for power generation emissions. Personally, the main reason why the country implements or strengthens the energy price policy of energy conservation and environmental protection is that China's economic development faces severe resource and environmental constraints. Some high-energy and high-pollution industries are growing too fast, and the resources and environmental costs of economic growth have passed. High, too expensive. Without accelerating the adjustment structure and transforming the growth mode, resources are difficult to support, the environment will deteriorate and development will be unsustainable. We must make great efforts and take strong measures to solve them. This is also an inevitable requirement for building a socialist harmonious society and achieving sound and rapid economic development. To solve these problems, it is necessary to carry out regulation and control through administrative measures, economic measures, and market forces. The electricity price policy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting energy conservation and environmental protection and promoting economic restructuring. Therefore, implementing or strengthening energy conservation and environmental protection tariff policies It seems surprising that it is reasonable. In fact, before the implementation of the "Implementation Opinions", a series of policies on energy conservation and environmental protection have already adopted electricity price adjustment as one of the means to promote the healthy and coordinated development of the power industry. The "Implementation Opinions" further clarified the expansion of electricity price reform and electricity prices. The operational space of the policy has given it a more realistic focus.
(2) Major electricity price policy
1. Differential electricity price policy. In 2004, the state introduced a policy of implementing differential electricity prices for some high-energy-consuming industries, and has been adjusting and improving in recent years. Despite the initial results of the differential electricity price policy, the momentum of blind development of high-energy-consuming industries has been curbed, and the adjustment of industrial structure and technological upgrading have been promoted to some extent. However, it is undeniable that the differential electricity price policy is not implemented due to factors such as lack of understanding, unclear responsibilities, unsuitable policies, inadequate supervision, and improved power supply. In some areas, it is a common phenomenon for the government to protect high-energy-consuming enterprises and impose electricity price concessions on them. In addition, the strong market demand for some high-energy-consuming products offset the effect of the differential electricity price policy to a certain extent. At the same time, the construction of a large number of self-sufficient power plants has established a “special zone†that is immune to differential electricity price punishment for high energy consumption. These issues are the main content of the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price policy that needs further improvement and improvement. Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Electricity Regulatory Commission jointly issued a notice requesting that all localities implement the differential electricity price policy within a time limit and stop implementing preferential electricity prices. This fully demonstrates this point.
2. Desulfurization price policy. In 2004, the state issued a policy on desulfurization price for coal-fired generating units. First, the benchmark price of newly-fired coal-fired units with desulfurization equipment installed was 1.5 cents higher than that per kWh without desulfurization equipment; In the conditional areas, the on-grid price of coal-fired generating units that have undergone desulfurization reform has increased by 1.5 cents. It should be said that the desulfurization price policy has played an important role in improving the enthusiasm of power generation enterprises to install desulfurization equipment and reducing the sulfur dioxide emissions after coal combustion. However, in the implementation of the desulfurization price policy, since the sulfur content of coal resources stored in most provinces varies widely, the cost of desulfurization varies. It is not reasonable to use a price level to compensate the desulfurization cost, and it is not fair to the participants. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, it is necessary to further improve the desulfurization price policy, gradually implement the desulfurization price according to the actual investment and operating cost of the desulfurization reform of coal-fired units, and fully calculate the environmental protection cost into the electricity price to realize the “internal cost internalization†of environmental protection. ". At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen supervision to ensure the normal operation of the installation of desulfurization facilities and discharge according to standards. If there is no normal operation, the desulfurization price should be deducted.
3. Reduce the on-grid tariff policy for small thermal power units. The specific provisions are: small thermal power units put into operation before 2004, the price difference is less than 0.05 yuan / kWh, reduced to the benchmark electricity price in two years; the price difference is 0.05 yuan to 0.1 yuan / kWh, reduced in three years; At 0.1 yuan / kWh or more, it is reduced in four years. No extra-price subsidies may be implemented. The purpose is to play the role of regulating electricity prices, gradually phase out small thermal power plants with low efficiency and serious pollution, promote “upper pressure skew, promote the shutdown of small thermal power, encourage investment in the construction of large-capacity, low-consumption generator sets. Optimize the allocation of power resources. .
4. Electricity price policy to promote the development of renewable energy. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the “Regulations on the Management of Renewable Energy Power Generation Price and Cost Allocation†and the “Interim Measures for the Renewable Energy Price Additional Income Allocation†will be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Renewable Energy Law, and wind power, biomass energy, etc. will be formulated and promulgated. Renewable energy generation on-grid price and connection fee standard, the part of the renewable electricity generation enterprise's on-grid price is higher than the average power generation enterprise's average on-grid price and the renewable network power generation project's connection fee, through the price-added form nationwide The distribution of electricity prices is shared and the development of renewable energy is promoted from the electricity price policy. In 2006, when the country linked coal-fired electricity prices, it had already added a penny of electricity to the development of renewable energy. This year, officially launched the deployment of additional income.
5. Peak and valley time-of-use electricity price and abundant electricity price policy. After the nationwide shortage of electricity in 2003, many provinces and municipalities strengthened demand-side management and introduced a peak-and-valley electricity price and abundance price policy. According to statistics, in 2004, the State Grid Corporation's system sales side implemented peak and valley time-sharing electricity prices reached 700.3 billion kWh, accounting for 53% of total electricity sales, and the implementation of abundant electricity prices reached 59.6 billion kWh, accounting for 4.5% of total electricity sales. %, on the Internet side, the peak-to-peak electricity price reached 181.7 billion kWh, accounting for 13% of the total electricity sold. The implementation of the peak-to-valley time-of-use tariff policy has played an important role in cutting peaks and filling valleys, adjusting demand, increasing load ratio, adjusting electricity consumption structure, reducing waste water, reducing resource waste, and improving water use efficiency. However, there are also problems such as inadequate policy formulation and operational mechanisms, insufficient implementation, and refinement of measures. In response to these problems, during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to supplement and improve the existing peak-to-valley time-of-use electricity price and the abundant and low electricity price system, and increase the implementation.
Third, on electricity price supervision
(1) Finding the right position and highlighting the key points.
Supervision is an important task of the power regulatory agency, and the state has given us certain responsibilities. How to conscientiously implement the "Implementation Opinions" based on the spirit of the Electricity Regulatory Work Conference of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission at the beginning of the year and the speech of the Chairman of the Jurisprudence, and on the basis of the existing work, strengthen the supervision of electricity prices, so that the supervision of electricity prices will continue to rise to the next level. Is an important issue that we must think about. Personally believe that under the new conditions and circumstances, to do a good job in electricity price supervision, we must grasp and deal with the following issues.
It is necessary to sort out the ideas and highlight the key points. To clear the way of thinking is to correctly understand the current situation of power reform, development and power supervision, analyze the current favorable conditions and difficulties faced in the supervision of electricity prices, and be active in thinking, open-minded, but clear-headed, thinking Clear principles to sort out our work ideas and determine work goals and priorities. The key point is to grasp the key points in a lot of work that you want to do and can do, and don't ask for everything. We must seize the urgent problems that need to be solved in the current power reform and development, select one or two key tasks, concentrate on strength, do our best to do a good job, grasp the actual results, create momentum, and establish authority. Don't "brow your brows and beards", you want to do everything, you can't do anything, you can't do it well.
Find the right position, the right and the second. Electricity supervision must be supervised according to law, and how our work is carried out is not unrelated to our work orientation. I believe that positioning is based on laws, regulations and the powers conferred on us by the State Council, as well as the subjective and objective conditions faced, and the regulation of electricity prices according to law, that is, not lacking, not bad, offside. The right and the second is the job. According to the division of responsibilities and authority, it belongs to the work we do or lead. We must do our part, take responsibility, perform our duties, and do our best. We must work together with other departments. We must Be proactive, play its due role, and win our position; we must actively participate in the work of cooperation and participation, but we must not fight, do not grab, give opinions, and do not give up easily.
It is necessary to know how difficult it is to advance, and to open up. The current laws and regulations are not perfect, the functions are not in place, and there are cross-cutting and elbows in the work. Such difficulties or obstacles may be encountered in the work. In the face of difficulties, we must strengthen our confidence, make progress difficult, actively find ways, exert subjective initiative, have the courage to overcome difficulties, have persistence and professionalism. When dealing with relevant government departments and enterprises, the attitude is lower, work is more active, creating conditions, bold innovation, pioneering and enterprising, and strive to make and do every job.
To work hard, there is a place. The first priority is to strengthen study and research, understand the characteristics of the power industry and the situation of power companies, and strive to study and familiarize with the regulatory business, improve the business level, improve the overall quality, and improve the regulatory capabilities. Only the quality of the individual and the understanding of the problem, the insights of the experts, the work can be convincing, in order to ensure the effectiveness and authority of supervision. At the same time, we must earnestly implement the laws, regulations, and the power tariff supervision duties that the State Council has already given us. We must increase the supervision and inspection of electricity prices, dare to face hardships, and not be afraid of offending people. We must seriously and decisively deal with cases of illegal violations. Typical cases must pass through each Kind of media public exposure. We must increase our voice through our solid and effective work, expand our influence, establish and improve our authority, win our reputation, and “have a placeâ€.
(2) Main work
The first is to speed up the issuance of regulations and normative documents on electricity price supervision, and promote the legalization and standardization of electricity price supervision. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Regulations on Electricity Regulations" and the responsibilities and "Implementation Opinions" stipulated in the "Notice on Clarifying the Division of Work of the Development and Reform Commission and the SERC", we must promptly study and formulate and successively introduce a batch of electricity prices. Regulatory regulations and normative documents, including “Inter-regional Transmission Price Review Measuresâ€, “Transmission and Distribution Price Costs Review Measures†(developed jointly with the Development and Reform Commission), “Power Auxiliary Service Charge Management Measures†and “Electric Price Supervision and Inspection Management†Ways and so on. In order to increase the supervision of electricity prices, regulate the behavior of electricity prices, maintain the order of the electricity market, protect the legitimate rights and interests of market entities, so that electricity price supervision can be law-abiding, legal supervision, and promote the legalization and standardization of electricity price supervision.
The second is to strengthen the supervision of the cost and price of the monopoly transmission and distribution links. According to the direction of power system and electricity price reform, competitive power generation and electricity sales prices will gradually be formed by market competition, and monopolistic transmission and distribution prices will be formulated by the government. The transmission and distribution link will be the focus of future national control. In accordance with the functions of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission [2003] No. 7 to the State Electricity Regulatory Commission to "Develop the Cost Rules for Transmission and Power Supply Enterprises" and the relevant provisions of Document No. [2005] No. 13, we will work with the National Development and Reform Commission to study and formulate the The Regulation for the Cost of Distribution Price Costs regulates and controls the transmission and distribution costs of power grid enterprises and strengthens the supervision of transmission and distribution costs. In this work, we must be proactive, strengthen research, make comments and suggestions, win our position in the cost and price supervision of power transmission and distribution, and play our due role.
The third is to strengthen the supervision of cross-regional and inter-provincial prices. According to the opinions of the No. 13 Document of the China Office [2005], the electricity price of the inter-provincial (district) is monitored by the SERC, and price adjustment opinions are proposed according to the transaction situation. Review. According to this regulation, in order to solve the problem of cross-regional cross-provincial prices, we must strengthen the research and supervision of cross-regional cross-provincial power transmission, transmission and electricity sales prices, propose regulatory opinions, and plan to understand the situation as soon as possible. , issued an audit method to speed up the review of cross-regional transmission and distribution prices. At the same time, the original price should be adjusted reasonably, and the upward adjustment will be raised, and the downward adjustment will be lowered. It is necessary to further standardize the price behavior of cross-regional inter-provincial transactions, coordinate and solve existing problems, promote cross-regional electricity trading, and promote optimal allocation of resources within a larger scope.
The fourth is to combine the construction of the electricity market, make recommendations on electricity price reform and electricity price adjustment, and promote the formation of a reasonable electricity price mechanism. Electricity price reform and power market construction complement each other and rely on each other. To a certain extent, electricity price reform affects the progress and success of power system reform and power market construction. Therefore, objectively, the relevant departments are required to strengthen cooperation and cooperation to jointly promote the construction of the electricity market and the reform of electricity prices. The power regulatory agency should closely cooperate with the price authorities to speed up the pace of electricity price reform and promote the formation of a reasonable electricity price mechanism. In the promotion of electricity price reform, we should base on the principle determined by the national electricity price reform plan, take market-oriented reform as the orientation, and use the regional power market as a platform to simultaneously promote the reform of on-grid tariffs, transmission and distribution prices, and sales price, and establish sales prices and access to the Internet. The linkage mechanism of electricity prices has increased the structural adjustment of sales electricity prices. It is necessary to establish a reasonable, standardized and transparent electricity price supervision system, and form a power price management system that combines the government's macro-control and supervision institutions with legal supervision. At the same time, it is necessary to make recommendations on the adjustment of electricity prices in light of the impact of changes in the cost of power companies and changes in market supply and demand, in order to alleviate the operational difficulties of power companies and promote the development of the power industry.
The fifth is to strengthen supervision and inspection of electricity prices and promote further regulation of electricity price behavior. Electricity price supervision and inspection is an important part of electricity price regulation. It is also a guarantee for the implementation of electricity price reform and electricity price policy, or an important means to maintain normal electricity price order. Any reform and policy measures, if they do not strengthen inspections, do not implement them, and refine the plan is also a piece of paper, and then clear goals are difficult to achieve, and even the best policies are difficult to play. According to the provisions of the document, the power regulatory agency exercises the main power price supervision and inspection function, and it is an important task of the SERC to do a good job in monitoring and checking the electricity price. In the near future, we will combine the implementation of electricity price reform and a series of electricity price policies to strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure that implementation is in place. It is necessary to pass inspections to correct and investigate violations of laws and regulations, safeguard the legitimate interests of market entities and the masses, and propose suggestions for improving the electricity price policy. For typical cases of illegality, it is necessary to publicly expose and deter illegal acts. At the same time, it is necessary to study and formulate normative systems and methods to institutionalize and standardize electricity price supervision and inspection.
The sixth is to strengthen the supervision of the disclosure of electricity price information. As a unique resource, information has increasingly shown its important role in economic development and market transactions. Due to the phenomenon of information asymmetry in the electricity market transactions, market transactions are difficult to be fair and just, and at the same time, the market price signals are distorted. In order to regulate the power market order, according to the relevant provisions of the Electricity Regulatory Regulations, we will strengthen the statistical analysis of prices and related information and materials and disclose them to the society on a regular basis, gradually solving the information asymmetry between the regulatory authorities and power companies, power generation enterprises and power grid enterprises. The problem is to increase the public's right to know about electricity price information, increase the openness, transparency and symmetry of information such as electricity prices, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of market entities.
The authenticity of this information has not been confirmed by the international electrical network, for your reference only.
From: Office of the Electricity Regulatory Commission
(1) Characteristics and objectives of reform
On April 6, the General Office of the State Council issued the “Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Power System during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan†(hereinafter referred to as the “Implementation Opinionsâ€). Among them, the task of the “Eleventh Five-Year†electricity price reform was clearly put forward: continue to deepen the electricity price reform and gradually rationalize the electricity price mechanism. In accordance with the "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Reform Plan for the Power Generation Price" (Guo Ban Fa [2003] No. 62) and related regulations, the reform of various electricity prices will be steadily advanced. It is necessary to combine the construction of regional power market, establish a grid-based electricity price formation mechanism that is compatible with the competition of power generation, and initially establish a transmission and distribution price mechanism that is conducive to promoting the healthy development of the power grid. The sales price should reflect the resource status and the relationship between Power Supply and demand and gradually The on-grid price has been linked. It is necessary to implement a price policy that is conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection, fully implement the electricity price mechanism that encourages the development of clean energy, vigorously implement the demand side electricity price management system, and study and formulate environmental protection discount standards for power generation emissions. Before the power generation enterprises bid for the Internet, they will continue to implement coal price linkage. In addition, it is necessary to gradually improve the electricity market supervision system and implement effective supervision in accordance with the law.
So far, the "road map" of the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform has a clearer direction. Although on the whole, the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform is not as "suddenly advancing" as people think, it feels that it is safe and sound, and the tension is not enough, and there is a certain gap with the public's expectations. However, it is conceivable that electricity price reform, as a reform that affects the whole industry and even the upstream and downstream interests, must be cautious every step of the way. Otherwise, it may be a thousand miles away from the original intention of reform. Moreover, if we study it carefully, it is not difficult to find that the "Implementation Opinions" has not only deployed important tasks but also a clear price policy signal for the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform.
Personally, the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform has obvious continuity characteristics, that is, the direction, principles, and main contents of the electricity price reform are all established, and a lot of work has been done during the "10th Five-Year Plan" period. The task is to further promote, implement, and do a good job on this basis, neither to start a new stove, nor to find another way. The goal of the reform is to gradually form a tariff mechanism that is compatible with the market economy. But we must also see that electricity price reform is a complex systematic project involving the direct interests of various subjects. The difficulty and resistance of reform cannot be ignored. It cannot be done overnight. We must have a clear understanding of this. However, the direction of reform is clear, and the determination to reform cannot be shaken. It is only necessary to be active and to be sound when promoting reform.
(2) Key tasks of reform
In response to the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" power system reform and electricity price reform tasks, individuals believe that the reform of transmission and distribution prices and the linkage between sales price and on-grid price will be the highlight of the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform.
As the middle fulcrum of the on-grid price and the selling price of the "warp board", the transmission and distribution price reform will have a major impact on the power industry's interest pattern. The establishment of an independent transmission and distribution price mechanism and the determination of the price level are not only important policy measures for the survival and development of power grid enterprises, but also important market position signals, which are the key to the role of market allocation resources, and the object and basis of supervision. It is also clearer and helps to form effective regulation.
The path of transmission and distribution price reform can be described as three steps: First, it is necessary to implement the main and auxiliary separation of the power grid and the main multi-separation reform as soon as possible to solve the problems of the main business of transmission and distribution, auxiliary industry and multi-business, clear assets and costs. To make the transmission and distribution costs truly controllable; the second is to speed up the development of power grid transmission and distribution price supervision and inspection methods, from the composition and collection of cost items, the cost of verification principles and methods, cost of audit authority and procedures, etc. Transmission and distribution price and cost behavior, strict control of transmission and distribution pricing costs, especially wages, bonuses, welfare and other labor costs should be controlled; the third is to determine the reasonable transmission and distribution price on the basis of the above (in the near future to support the development of the grid, should Adopting the cost-adding method to verify the electricity price), the operation and development of the power grid will be guaranteed in the mechanism, and at the same time, strict supervision should be implemented on the operation of the power grid to cut off the motivation of the power grid to seek unreasonable interests.
In addition, the establishment of a reasonable transmission and distribution price is the key to promoting direct supply to large users. However, the transmission and distribution price directly supplied by large users is only a special form of normal transmission and distribution price. The reasonable transmission and distribution price mechanism is established and the price level is determined. The direct transmission and distribution price of large users and even the direct supply of large users will be solved. .
The sales price should reflect the resource status and the relationship between power supply and demand and gradually achieve linkage with the on-grid price. This is a clear requirement put forward by the Implementation Opinion. From the current situation, although the power grid has been separated, some regional power markets have been launched one after another. However, since the transmission and distribution prices have not been independently priced, the price linkage mechanism at both ends of the sale has not been formed. Therefore, the role of market allocation resources is far from being realized. The mechanism that the sales price reflects the scarcity of resources and the supply and demand of electricity and the linkage with the on-grid price has not yet been established. In this sense, the electricity price reform can be said to have a long way to go. Under the circumstances that the power market reform is not in place, coal-electricity linkage is also an effective way to temporarily resolve the contradiction between coal and electricity. It can be said that it is an expedient measure. But in essence, coal-electricity linkage is still a typical government behavior, or a planned behavior. The current coal-fired electricity price linkage method is not spontaneously linked to the conditions, or it is up to the government authorities to comprehensively consider whether the linkage is based on the rise in coal prices and other conditions. The management cost is still relatively high, and the information with the enterprise is impossible. Fully symmetrical, the price increase of electricity is not necessarily scientific and reasonable.
The linkage between on-grid electricity price and sales electricity price is a market behavior that reflects the relationship between supply and demand. It is also the key to the normal operation of the electricity market. It is necessary to intensify reforms and actively create conditions to work in this direction. However, the premise is that only by realizing market linkage on the basis of correcting the price of distortion, can we reflect the scarcity of resources and the level of pollution control costs, in order to truly play the role of leverage adjustment of electricity prices.
In addition, during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the pace of bidding online will be accelerated, and the on-grid price formation mechanism compatible with the competition in power generation will be established; the mechanism for providing supplementary services with compensation will be gradually implemented, and the charging standards for auxiliary services will be studied and developed; Cross-subsidization; the implementation of separate financial accounting pilots for the distribution and distribution of financial links, laying the foundation for the separation of transmission and distribution prices are also important reform tasks.
Second, on the electricity price policy
(1) Policy orientation and characteristics
If there is no big ups and downs in the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price reform, the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price policy orientation is very clear: it is necessary to focus on energy conservation and environmental protection, contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection, and promote economic restructuring. The transformation of economic growth mode promotes the healthy and coordinated development of the power industry. The characteristics of the electricity price policy are: the leverage adjustment effect is more obvious, and the macro control color is more prominent. The "Implementation Opinions" clearly stipulates that the electricity price policy is conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection, comprehensively implements the electricity price mechanism that encourages the development of clean energy, vigorously implements the demand side electricity price management system, and studies and formulates environmental protection discount standards for power generation emissions. Personally, the main reason why the country implements or strengthens the energy price policy of energy conservation and environmental protection is that China's economic development faces severe resource and environmental constraints. Some high-energy and high-pollution industries are growing too fast, and the resources and environmental costs of economic growth have passed. High, too expensive. Without accelerating the adjustment structure and transforming the growth mode, resources are difficult to support, the environment will deteriorate and development will be unsustainable. We must make great efforts and take strong measures to solve them. This is also an inevitable requirement for building a socialist harmonious society and achieving sound and rapid economic development. To solve these problems, it is necessary to carry out regulation and control through administrative measures, economic measures, and market forces. The electricity price policy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting energy conservation and environmental protection and promoting economic restructuring. Therefore, implementing or strengthening energy conservation and environmental protection tariff policies It seems surprising that it is reasonable. In fact, before the implementation of the "Implementation Opinions", a series of policies on energy conservation and environmental protection have already adopted electricity price adjustment as one of the means to promote the healthy and coordinated development of the power industry. The "Implementation Opinions" further clarified the expansion of electricity price reform and electricity prices. The operational space of the policy has given it a more realistic focus.
(2) Major electricity price policy
1. Differential electricity price policy. In 2004, the state introduced a policy of implementing differential electricity prices for some high-energy-consuming industries, and has been adjusting and improving in recent years. Despite the initial results of the differential electricity price policy, the momentum of blind development of high-energy-consuming industries has been curbed, and the adjustment of industrial structure and technological upgrading have been promoted to some extent. However, it is undeniable that the differential electricity price policy is not implemented due to factors such as lack of understanding, unclear responsibilities, unsuitable policies, inadequate supervision, and improved power supply. In some areas, it is a common phenomenon for the government to protect high-energy-consuming enterprises and impose electricity price concessions on them. In addition, the strong market demand for some high-energy-consuming products offset the effect of the differential electricity price policy to a certain extent. At the same time, the construction of a large number of self-sufficient power plants has established a “special zone†that is immune to differential electricity price punishment for high energy consumption. These issues are the main content of the "Eleventh Five-Year" electricity price policy that needs further improvement and improvement. Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Electricity Regulatory Commission jointly issued a notice requesting that all localities implement the differential electricity price policy within a time limit and stop implementing preferential electricity prices. This fully demonstrates this point.
2. Desulfurization price policy. In 2004, the state issued a policy on desulfurization price for coal-fired generating units. First, the benchmark price of newly-fired coal-fired units with desulfurization equipment installed was 1.5 cents higher than that per kWh without desulfurization equipment; In the conditional areas, the on-grid price of coal-fired generating units that have undergone desulfurization reform has increased by 1.5 cents. It should be said that the desulfurization price policy has played an important role in improving the enthusiasm of power generation enterprises to install desulfurization equipment and reducing the sulfur dioxide emissions after coal combustion. However, in the implementation of the desulfurization price policy, since the sulfur content of coal resources stored in most provinces varies widely, the cost of desulfurization varies. It is not reasonable to use a price level to compensate the desulfurization cost, and it is not fair to the participants. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, it is necessary to further improve the desulfurization price policy, gradually implement the desulfurization price according to the actual investment and operating cost of the desulfurization reform of coal-fired units, and fully calculate the environmental protection cost into the electricity price to realize the “internal cost internalization†of environmental protection. ". At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen supervision to ensure the normal operation of the installation of desulfurization facilities and discharge according to standards. If there is no normal operation, the desulfurization price should be deducted.
3. Reduce the on-grid tariff policy for small thermal power units. The specific provisions are: small thermal power units put into operation before 2004, the price difference is less than 0.05 yuan / kWh, reduced to the benchmark electricity price in two years; the price difference is 0.05 yuan to 0.1 yuan / kWh, reduced in three years; At 0.1 yuan / kWh or more, it is reduced in four years. No extra-price subsidies may be implemented. The purpose is to play the role of regulating electricity prices, gradually phase out small thermal power plants with low efficiency and serious pollution, promote “upper pressure skew, promote the shutdown of small thermal power, encourage investment in the construction of large-capacity, low-consumption generator sets. Optimize the allocation of power resources. .
4. Electricity price policy to promote the development of renewable energy. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, the “Regulations on the Management of Renewable Energy Power Generation Price and Cost Allocation†and the “Interim Measures for the Renewable Energy Price Additional Income Allocation†will be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Renewable Energy Law, and wind power, biomass energy, etc. will be formulated and promulgated. Renewable energy generation on-grid price and connection fee standard, the part of the renewable electricity generation enterprise's on-grid price is higher than the average power generation enterprise's average on-grid price and the renewable network power generation project's connection fee, through the price-added form nationwide The distribution of electricity prices is shared and the development of renewable energy is promoted from the electricity price policy. In 2006, when the country linked coal-fired electricity prices, it had already added a penny of electricity to the development of renewable energy. This year, officially launched the deployment of additional income.
5. Peak and valley time-of-use electricity price and abundant electricity price policy. After the nationwide shortage of electricity in 2003, many provinces and municipalities strengthened demand-side management and introduced a peak-and-valley electricity price and abundance price policy. According to statistics, in 2004, the State Grid Corporation's system sales side implemented peak and valley time-sharing electricity prices reached 700.3 billion kWh, accounting for 53% of total electricity sales, and the implementation of abundant electricity prices reached 59.6 billion kWh, accounting for 4.5% of total electricity sales. %, on the Internet side, the peak-to-peak electricity price reached 181.7 billion kWh, accounting for 13% of the total electricity sold. The implementation of the peak-to-valley time-of-use tariff policy has played an important role in cutting peaks and filling valleys, adjusting demand, increasing load ratio, adjusting electricity consumption structure, reducing waste water, reducing resource waste, and improving water use efficiency. However, there are also problems such as inadequate policy formulation and operational mechanisms, insufficient implementation, and refinement of measures. In response to these problems, during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to supplement and improve the existing peak-to-valley time-of-use electricity price and the abundant and low electricity price system, and increase the implementation.
Third, on electricity price supervision
(1) Finding the right position and highlighting the key points.
Supervision is an important task of the power regulatory agency, and the state has given us certain responsibilities. How to conscientiously implement the "Implementation Opinions" based on the spirit of the Electricity Regulatory Work Conference of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission at the beginning of the year and the speech of the Chairman of the Jurisprudence, and on the basis of the existing work, strengthen the supervision of electricity prices, so that the supervision of electricity prices will continue to rise to the next level. Is an important issue that we must think about. Personally believe that under the new conditions and circumstances, to do a good job in electricity price supervision, we must grasp and deal with the following issues.
It is necessary to sort out the ideas and highlight the key points. To clear the way of thinking is to correctly understand the current situation of power reform, development and power supervision, analyze the current favorable conditions and difficulties faced in the supervision of electricity prices, and be active in thinking, open-minded, but clear-headed, thinking Clear principles to sort out our work ideas and determine work goals and priorities. The key point is to grasp the key points in a lot of work that you want to do and can do, and don't ask for everything. We must seize the urgent problems that need to be solved in the current power reform and development, select one or two key tasks, concentrate on strength, do our best to do a good job, grasp the actual results, create momentum, and establish authority. Don't "brow your brows and beards", you want to do everything, you can't do anything, you can't do it well.
Find the right position, the right and the second. Electricity supervision must be supervised according to law, and how our work is carried out is not unrelated to our work orientation. I believe that positioning is based on laws, regulations and the powers conferred on us by the State Council, as well as the subjective and objective conditions faced, and the regulation of electricity prices according to law, that is, not lacking, not bad, offside. The right and the second is the job. According to the division of responsibilities and authority, it belongs to the work we do or lead. We must do our part, take responsibility, perform our duties, and do our best. We must work together with other departments. We must Be proactive, play its due role, and win our position; we must actively participate in the work of cooperation and participation, but we must not fight, do not grab, give opinions, and do not give up easily.
It is necessary to know how difficult it is to advance, and to open up. The current laws and regulations are not perfect, the functions are not in place, and there are cross-cutting and elbows in the work. Such difficulties or obstacles may be encountered in the work. In the face of difficulties, we must strengthen our confidence, make progress difficult, actively find ways, exert subjective initiative, have the courage to overcome difficulties, have persistence and professionalism. When dealing with relevant government departments and enterprises, the attitude is lower, work is more active, creating conditions, bold innovation, pioneering and enterprising, and strive to make and do every job.
To work hard, there is a place. The first priority is to strengthen study and research, understand the characteristics of the power industry and the situation of power companies, and strive to study and familiarize with the regulatory business, improve the business level, improve the overall quality, and improve the regulatory capabilities. Only the quality of the individual and the understanding of the problem, the insights of the experts, the work can be convincing, in order to ensure the effectiveness and authority of supervision. At the same time, we must earnestly implement the laws, regulations, and the power tariff supervision duties that the State Council has already given us. We must increase the supervision and inspection of electricity prices, dare to face hardships, and not be afraid of offending people. We must seriously and decisively deal with cases of illegal violations. Typical cases must pass through each Kind of media public exposure. We must increase our voice through our solid and effective work, expand our influence, establish and improve our authority, win our reputation, and “have a placeâ€.
(2) Main work
The first is to speed up the issuance of regulations and normative documents on electricity price supervision, and promote the legalization and standardization of electricity price supervision. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Regulations on Electricity Regulations" and the responsibilities and "Implementation Opinions" stipulated in the "Notice on Clarifying the Division of Work of the Development and Reform Commission and the SERC", we must promptly study and formulate and successively introduce a batch of electricity prices. Regulatory regulations and normative documents, including “Inter-regional Transmission Price Review Measuresâ€, “Transmission and Distribution Price Costs Review Measures†(developed jointly with the Development and Reform Commission), “Power Auxiliary Service Charge Management Measures†and “Electric Price Supervision and Inspection Management†Ways and so on. In order to increase the supervision of electricity prices, regulate the behavior of electricity prices, maintain the order of the electricity market, protect the legitimate rights and interests of market entities, so that electricity price supervision can be law-abiding, legal supervision, and promote the legalization and standardization of electricity price supervision.
The second is to strengthen the supervision of the cost and price of the monopoly transmission and distribution links. According to the direction of power system and electricity price reform, competitive power generation and electricity sales prices will gradually be formed by market competition, and monopolistic transmission and distribution prices will be formulated by the government. The transmission and distribution link will be the focus of future national control. In accordance with the functions of the State Electricity Regulatory Commission [2003] No. 7 to the State Electricity Regulatory Commission to "Develop the Cost Rules for Transmission and Power Supply Enterprises" and the relevant provisions of Document No. [2005] No. 13, we will work with the National Development and Reform Commission to study and formulate the The Regulation for the Cost of Distribution Price Costs regulates and controls the transmission and distribution costs of power grid enterprises and strengthens the supervision of transmission and distribution costs. In this work, we must be proactive, strengthen research, make comments and suggestions, win our position in the cost and price supervision of power transmission and distribution, and play our due role.
The third is to strengthen the supervision of cross-regional and inter-provincial prices. According to the opinions of the No. 13 Document of the China Office [2005], the electricity price of the inter-provincial (district) is monitored by the SERC, and price adjustment opinions are proposed according to the transaction situation. Review. According to this regulation, in order to solve the problem of cross-regional cross-provincial prices, we must strengthen the research and supervision of cross-regional cross-provincial power transmission, transmission and electricity sales prices, propose regulatory opinions, and plan to understand the situation as soon as possible. , issued an audit method to speed up the review of cross-regional transmission and distribution prices. At the same time, the original price should be adjusted reasonably, and the upward adjustment will be raised, and the downward adjustment will be lowered. It is necessary to further standardize the price behavior of cross-regional inter-provincial transactions, coordinate and solve existing problems, promote cross-regional electricity trading, and promote optimal allocation of resources within a larger scope.
The fourth is to combine the construction of the electricity market, make recommendations on electricity price reform and electricity price adjustment, and promote the formation of a reasonable electricity price mechanism. Electricity price reform and power market construction complement each other and rely on each other. To a certain extent, electricity price reform affects the progress and success of power system reform and power market construction. Therefore, objectively, the relevant departments are required to strengthen cooperation and cooperation to jointly promote the construction of the electricity market and the reform of electricity prices. The power regulatory agency should closely cooperate with the price authorities to speed up the pace of electricity price reform and promote the formation of a reasonable electricity price mechanism. In the promotion of electricity price reform, we should base on the principle determined by the national electricity price reform plan, take market-oriented reform as the orientation, and use the regional power market as a platform to simultaneously promote the reform of on-grid tariffs, transmission and distribution prices, and sales price, and establish sales prices and access to the Internet. The linkage mechanism of electricity prices has increased the structural adjustment of sales electricity prices. It is necessary to establish a reasonable, standardized and transparent electricity price supervision system, and form a power price management system that combines the government's macro-control and supervision institutions with legal supervision. At the same time, it is necessary to make recommendations on the adjustment of electricity prices in light of the impact of changes in the cost of power companies and changes in market supply and demand, in order to alleviate the operational difficulties of power companies and promote the development of the power industry.
The fifth is to strengthen supervision and inspection of electricity prices and promote further regulation of electricity price behavior. Electricity price supervision and inspection is an important part of electricity price regulation. It is also a guarantee for the implementation of electricity price reform and electricity price policy, or an important means to maintain normal electricity price order. Any reform and policy measures, if they do not strengthen inspections, do not implement them, and refine the plan is also a piece of paper, and then clear goals are difficult to achieve, and even the best policies are difficult to play. According to the provisions of the document, the power regulatory agency exercises the main power price supervision and inspection function, and it is an important task of the SERC to do a good job in monitoring and checking the electricity price. In the near future, we will combine the implementation of electricity price reform and a series of electricity price policies to strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure that implementation is in place. It is necessary to pass inspections to correct and investigate violations of laws and regulations, safeguard the legitimate interests of market entities and the masses, and propose suggestions for improving the electricity price policy. For typical cases of illegality, it is necessary to publicly expose and deter illegal acts. At the same time, it is necessary to study and formulate normative systems and methods to institutionalize and standardize electricity price supervision and inspection.
The sixth is to strengthen the supervision of the disclosure of electricity price information. As a unique resource, information has increasingly shown its important role in economic development and market transactions. Due to the phenomenon of information asymmetry in the electricity market transactions, market transactions are difficult to be fair and just, and at the same time, the market price signals are distorted. In order to regulate the power market order, according to the relevant provisions of the Electricity Regulatory Regulations, we will strengthen the statistical analysis of prices and related information and materials and disclose them to the society on a regular basis, gradually solving the information asymmetry between the regulatory authorities and power companies, power generation enterprises and power grid enterprises. The problem is to increase the public's right to know about electricity price information, increase the openness, transparency and symmetry of information such as electricity prices, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of market entities.
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From: Office of the Electricity Regulatory Commission
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